Uses
Toxic parts
The wood, sawdust and resins from various species of pine can cause dermatitis in sensitive people[1].
Edible uses
Notes
Seed - raw or cooked[2][3][4]. Rich in oil, they have a pleasant flavour with a hint of resin and can be used as a staple food[5]. Used like pistachio nuts[6]. A very good size, up to 25cm long[7]. The seed is an important local food source[8][9], and is considered to be a great delicacy[10][6].
A vanillin flavouring is obtained as a by-product of other resins that are released from the pulpwood[7].
Unknown part
Seed
Material uses
A tan or green dye is obtained from the needles[11].
The needles contain a substance called terpene, this is released when rain washes over the needles and it has a negative effect on the germination of some plants, including wheat[12]. The bark of the tree is made into baskets and also into rough buckets for fetching water[9].
Oleo-resins are present in the tissues of all species of pines, but these are often not present in sufficient quantity to make their extraction economically worthwhile[13]. The resins are obtained by tapping the trunk, or by destructive distillation of the wood[2][13]. In general, trees from warmer areas of distribution give the higher yields[13]. Turpentine consists of an average of 20% of the oleo-resin[13] and is separated by distillation[2][13]. Turpentine has a wide range of uses including as a solvent for waxes etc, for making varnish, medicinal etc[2]. Rosin is the substance left after turpentine is removed. This is used by violinists on their bows and also in making sealing wax, varnish etc[2]. Pitch can also be obtained from the resin and is used for waterproofing, as a wood preservative etc.Unknown part
Medicinal uses(Warning!)
The seed is anodyne and stimulant[14].
The oil obtained from the seeds is used as a dressing on wounds and ulcers, it is also used externally in the treatment of head diseases[14].
The turpentine obtained from the resin of all pine trees is antiseptic, diuretic, rubefacient and vermifuge[2]. It is a valuable remedy used internally in the treatment of kidney and bladder complaints and is used both internally and as a rub and steam bath in the treatment of rheumatic affections[2]. It is also very beneficial to the respiratory system and so is useful in treating diseases of the mucous membranes and respiratory complaints such as coughs, colds, influenza and TB[2]. Externally it is a very beneficial treatment for a variety of skin complaints, wounds, sores, burns, boils etc and is used in the form of liniment plasters, poultices, herbal steam baths and inhalers[2].Unknown part
Ecology
Ecosystem niche/layer
Ecological Functions
Nothing listed.
Forage
Nothing listed.
Shelter
Nothing listed.
Propagation
It is best to sow the seed in individual pots in a cold frame as soon as it is ripe if this is possible otherwise in late winter. A short stratification of 6 weeks at 4°c can improve the germination of stored seed[15]. Plant seedlings out into their permanent positions as soon as possible and protect them for their first winter or two[8]. Plants have a very sparse root system and the sooner they are planted into their permanent positions the better they will grow[K]. Trees should be planted into their permanent positions when they are quite small, between 30 and 90cm[7]. We actually plant them out when they are about 5 - 10cm tall. So long as they are given a very good weed-excluding mulch they establish very well[K]. Larger trees will check badly and hardly put on any growth for several years. This also badly affects root development and wind resistance[7].
Cuttings. This method only works when taken from very young trees less than 10 years old. Use single leaf fascicles with the base of the short shoot. Disbudding the shoots some weeks before taking the cuttings can help. Cuttings are normally slow to grow away[16].
Practical Plants is currently lacking information on propagation instructions of Pinus gerardiana. Help us fill in the blanks! Edit this page to add your knowledge.
Cultivation
Thrives in a light well-drained sandy or gravelly loam[17][8]. Dislikes poorly drained moorland soils[17]. Established plants tolerate drought[7]. Found on clay soils in the wild[9].
Forms so far introduced into Britain are hard to establish and grow on, other provenances may be better[18]. A slow growing tree[16]. This species is cultivated for its edible seed in Asia[7]. Plants are strongly outbreeding, self-fertilized seed usually grows poorly[7]. They hybridize freely with other members of this genus[7]. Leaf secretions inhibit the germination of seeds, thereby reducing the amount of plants that can grow beneath the tree[19].
Plants in this genus are notably susceptible to honey fungus[7].Crops
Problems, pests & diseases
Associations & Interactions
There are no interactions listed for Pinus gerardiana. Do you know of an interaction that should be listed here? edit this page to add it.
Polycultures & Guilds
There are no polycultures listed which include Pinus gerardiana.
Descendants
Cultivars
Varieties
None listed.
Subspecies
None listed.
Full Data
This table shows all the data stored for this plant.
Taxonomy
Binomial name
Pinus gerardiana
Genus
Pinus
Family
Pinaceae
Uses
Edible uses
None listed.
Material uses
None listed.
Medicinal uses
None listed.
Functions & Nature
Functions
Provides forage for
Provides shelter for
Environment
Hardiness Zone
7
Heat Zone
?
Water
moderate
Sun
full sun
Shade
no shade
Environmental Tolerances
- Drought
Ecosystems
Native Climate Zones
None listed.
Adapted Climate Zones
None listed.
Native Geographical Range
None listed.
Native Environment
None listed.
Ecosystem Niche
Root Zone Tendancy
None listed.
Life
Deciduous or Evergreen
Herbaceous or Woody
Life Cycle
Fertility
Pollinators
Flower Colour
?
Flower Type
References
- ? Foster. S. & Duke. J. A. A Field Guide to Medicinal Plants. Eastern and Central N. America. Houghton Mifflin Co. ISBN 0395467225 (1990-00-00)
- ? 2.002.012.022.032.042.052.062.072.082.092.102.11 Grieve. A Modern Herbal. Penguin ISBN 0-14-046-440-9 (1984-00-00)
- ? 3.03.1 Howes. F. N. Nuts. Faber (1948-00-00)
- ? 4.04.1 Gupta. B. L. Forest Flora of Chakrata, Dehra Dun and Saharanpur. Forest Research Institute Press (1945-00-00)
- ? 5.05.1 Hedrick. U. P. Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World. Dover Publications ISBN 0-486-20459-6 (1972-00-00)
- ? 6.06.16.2 Facciola. S. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications ISBN 0-9628087-0-9 (1990-00-00)
- ? 7.007.017.027.037.047.057.067.077.087.097.10 Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press ISBN 0-333-47494-5 (1992-00-00)
- ? 8.08.18.28.38.4 Bean. W. Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement. Murray (1981-00-00)
- ? 9.09.19.29.39.4 Gamble. J. S. A Manual of Indian Timbers. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh (1972-00-00)
- ? 10.010.110.2 Polunin. O. and Stainton. A. Flowers of the Himalayas. Oxford Universtiy Press (1984-00-00)
- ? 11.011.1 Grae. I. Nature's Colors - Dyes from Plants. MacMillan Publishing Co. New York. ISBN 0-02-544950-8 (1974-00-00)
- ? 12.012.1 Allardice.P. A - Z of Companion Planting. Cassell Publishers Ltd. ISBN 0-304-34324-2 (1993-00-00)
- ? 13.013.113.213.313.413.5 Howes. F. N. Vegetable Gums and Resins. Faber ()
- ? 14.014.114.2 Chopra. R. N., Nayar. S. L. and Chopra. I. C. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants (Including the Supplement). Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi. (1986-00-00)
- ? McMillan-Browse. P. Hardy Woody Plants from Seed. Grower Books ISBN 0-901361-21-6 (1985-00-00)
- ? 16.016.1 Rushforth. K. Conifers. Christopher Helm ISBN 0-7470-2801-X (1987-00-00)
- ? 17.017.1 F. Chittendon. RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956 Oxford University Press (1951-00-00)
- ? ? The Plantsman. Vol. 2. 1980 - 1981. Royal Horticultural Society (1980-00-00)
- ? Philbrick H. and Gregg R. B. Companion Plants. Watkins (1979-00-00)
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