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Celtis occidentalis
  • Hackberry

a perennial woody deciduous member of the Celtis genus in the family Ulmaceae.

248px
Niche
  • Canopy
    Canopy
    There are no details available for this niche.
Functions
  • Windbreak
    Windbreak
    There are no details available for this function.
Light
  • Full sun
    Full sun
    The amount of sun exposure that a plant prefers in ideal conditions.
    Key
  • no shade
    No shade
    The amount of shade a plant will tolerate without adverse health affects.
    Key
Water
  • Water Requirementsmoderate
    Moderate
    The amount of water a plant needs for healthy growth, relative to other plants.
    Key
Soil
  • acid,neutral,alkaline
    Acid to Alkaline
    The PH range (acidity or alkilinity) of the growth medium ideal for healthy nutrient absorbtion.
    Key
  • Sandy to Loamy
    The soil texture this plant prefers for optimal growth.
    Key
Cold & Heat
  • 2
    Zone 2
    The USDA Hardiness scale assigns plants a number from 1 to 12 representing the minimum temperature a plant can survive.
    Key
    0< -53.9ºC< -65ºF
    1-51.1ºC-60ºF
    2-45.6ºC-50F
    3-40ºC-40ºF
    4-34.4ºC-30ºF
    5-28.9ºC-20ºF
    6-23.3ºC-10ºF
    7-17.8ºC0ºF
    8-12.2C10ºF
    9-6.7ºC20ºF
    10-1.1ºC30ºF
    114.4ºC40ºF
    12> 10ºC> 5ºF
  • ?
    Unknown
    The AHS Heat scale assigns plants a number from 1 to 12 representing the number of days per year a plant requires a temperature exceeding 30ºC (86ºF).
    Key
    11
    21 - 7
    38 - 14
    415 - 30
    531 - 45
    646 - 60
    761 - 90
    891 - 120
    9121 - 150
    10151 - 180
    11181 - 210
    12181 - 210
Celtis occidentalis has 0 edible uses listed
Celtis occidentalis has 0 material uses listed
Celtis occidentalis has 0 medicinal uses listed

Uses

Edible uses

Notes

Fruit - raw[1][2][3][4]. Very sweet and pleasant tasting, they can be eaten out of hand or can be used for making jellies, preserves etc[5]. The fruit is often produced abundantly in Britain, it is about the size of a blackcurrant, but there is very little flesh surrounding a large seed and it is therefore a very fiddly crop[K]. The flesh is dry and mealy but with a pleasant sweet taste[K].

Seed[6]. No more details.

The fruit and seed can be ground up finely together and used as a flavouring[7][5]. The N. American Indians ate them with parched corn[5].

Fruit

Unknown use

Seed

Unknown use

Material uses

A dye is obtained from the roots[8]. No more details are given.

Fairly wind-tolerant, it can be planted as part of a shelterbelt[9].

Wood - rather soft, weak, coarse-grained, heavy. It weighs 45lb per cubic foot and is sometimes used commercially for cheap furniture, veneer, fencing fuel etc[10][8][11][12][13].

Unknown part

Dye
Fuel
Wood

Medicinal uses(Warning!)

An extract obtained from the wood has been used in the treatment of jaundice[14]. A decoction of the bark has been used in the treatment of sore throats[15]. When combined with powdered shells it has been used to treat VD[15].

Unknown part

Miscellany
VD

Ecology

Ecosystem niche/layer

Canopy

Ecological Functions

Windbreak

Forage

Nothing listed.

Shelter

Nothing listed.

Propagation

Seed - best sown as soon as it is ripe in a cold frame[9]. Stored seed is best given 2 - 3 months cold stratification and then sown February/March in a greenhouse[16][9]. Germination rates are usually good, though the stored seed might take 12 months or more to germinate. The seed can be stored for up to 5 years[17]. As soon as they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots. The leaves of seedlings often have a lot of white patches without chlorophyll, this is normal and older plants produce normal green leaves. Grow the seedlings on in a cold frame for their first winter, and plant them out in the following late spring or early summer[K]. Give them some protection from the cold for their first winter outdoors. Cuttings

Practical Plants is currently lacking information on propagation instructions of Celtis occidentalis. Help us fill in the blanks! Edit this page to add your knowledge.



Cultivation

Succeeds in any reasonably good soil, preferring a good fertile well-drained loamy soil[18][19][9]. Succeeds on dry gravels and on sandy soils[9]. Tolerates alkaline soils[20]. Established plants are very drought resistant[4][20][9]. Wind resistant[20]. Trees transplant easily[14].

Trees prefer hotter summers and more sunlight than are normally experienced in Britain, they often do not fully ripen their wood when growing in this country and they are then very subject to die-back in winter[18][19][9]. Plants in the wild are very variable in size, ranging from small shrubs to large trees[21]. They are fast-growing[22][23], and can be very long-lived, perhaps to 1000 years[9]. Only to 200 years according to another report[23]. They usually produce good crops of fruit annually[23]. Trees respond well to coppicing, readily sending up suckers after cutting or the top being killed off in a fire[14].

Plants in this genus are notably resistant to honey fungus[9].

Crops

Problems, pests & diseases

Associations & Interactions

There are no interactions listed for Celtis occidentalis. Do you know of an interaction that should be listed here? edit this page to add it.

Polycultures & Guilds

There are no polycultures listed which include Celtis occidentalis.

Descendants

Cultivars

Varieties

None listed.

Subspecies

None listed.

Full Data

This table shows all the data stored for this plant.

Taxonomy
Binomial name
Celtis occidentalis
Genus
Celtis
Family
Ulmaceae
Imported References
Edible uses
[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
Medicinal uses
[14][15]
Material uses & Functions
[8][9][10][11][12][13]
Botanic
[19][21][9]
Propagation
Cultivation
Environment
Cultivation
Uses
Edible uses
None listed.
Material uses
None listed.
Medicinal uses
None listed.
Functions & Nature
Functions
Windbreak
Provides forage for
Provides shelter for
Environment
Hardiness Zone
2
Heat Zone
?
Water
moderate
Sun
full sun
Shade
no shade
Soil PH
acid, neutral, alkaline
Soil Texture
sandy, loamy
Soil Water Retention
well drained
Environmental Tolerances
  • Drought
  • Strong wind
Ecosystems
Native Climate Zones
None listed.
Adapted Climate Zones
None listed.
Native Geographical Range
None listed.
Native Environment
None listed.
Ecosystem Niche
Canopy
Root Zone Tendancy
None listed.
Life
Deciduous or Evergreen
deciduous
Herbaceous or Woody
woody
Life Cycle
perennial
Growth Rate
vigorous
Mature Size
20 x 20 meters
Fertility
?
Pollinators
Bees
Flower Colour
?
Flower Type
hermaphrodite

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"image:Celtis-occidentalis-fruits.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki. "image:Celtis-occidentalis-fruits.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.


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"image:Celtis-occidentalis-fruits.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.

"image:Celtis-occidentalis-fruits.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki., "image:Celtis-occidentalis-fruits.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki., "image:Celtis-occidentalis-fruits.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki. "image:Celtis-occidentalis-fruits.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki., "image:Celtis-occidentalis-fruits.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki. "image:Celtis-occidentalis-fruits.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki. "image:Celtis-occidentalis-fruits.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki."image:Celtis-occidentalis-fruits.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki."image:Celtis-occidentalis-fruits.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.






References

  1. ? 1.01.1 Hedrick. U. P. Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World. Dover Publications ISBN 0-486-20459-6 (1972-00-00)
  2. ? 2.02.1 Simmons. A. E. Growing Unusual Fruit. David and Charles ISBN 0-7153-5531-7 (1972-00-00)
  3. ? 3.03.1 Harris. B. C. Eat the Weeds. Pivot Health (1973-00-00)
  4. ? 4.04.14.2 Vines. R. A. Trees of Central Texas. University of Texas Press ISBN 0-292-78958-3 (1987-00-00)
  5. ? 5.05.15.25.3 Facciola. S. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications ISBN 0-9628087-0-9 (1990-00-00)
  6. ? 6.06.1 Schery. R. W. Plants for Man. ()
  7. ? 7.07.1 Yanovsky. E. Food Plants of the N. American Indians. Publication no. 237. U.S. Depf of Agriculture. ()
  8. ? 8.08.18.2 Usher. G. A Dictionary of Plants Used by Man. Constable ISBN 0094579202 (1974-00-00)
  9. ? 9.009.019.029.039.049.059.069.079.089.099.10 Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press ISBN 0-333-47494-5 (1992-00-00)
  10. ? 10.010.1 Uphof. J. C. Th. Dictionary of Economic Plants. Weinheim (1959-00-00)
  11. ? 11.011.1 Sargent. C. S. Manual of the Trees of N. America. Dover Publications Inc. New York. ISBN 0-486-20278-X (1965-00-00)
  12. ? 12.012.1 Hill. A. F. Economic Botany. The Maple Press (1952-00-00)
  13. ? 13.013.1 Vines. R.A. Trees of North Texas University of Texas Press. ISBN 0292780206 (1982-00-00)
  14. ? 14.014.114.214.3 Lauriault. J. Identification Guide to the Trees of Canada Fitzhenry and Whiteside, Ontario. ISBN 0889025649 (1989-00-00)
  15. ? 15.015.115.2 Moerman. D. Native American Ethnobotany Timber Press. Oregon. ISBN 0-88192-453-9 (1998-00-00)
  16. ? Sheat. W. G. Propagation of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers. MacMillan and Co (1948-00-00)
  17. ? Dirr. M. A. and Heuser. M. W. The Reference Manual of Woody Plant Propagation. Athens Ga. Varsity Press ISBN 0942375009 (1987-00-00)
  18. ? 18.018.1 F. Chittendon. RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956 Oxford University Press (1951-00-00)
  19. ? 19.019.119.2 Bean. W. Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement. Murray (1981-00-00)
  20. ? 20.020.120.2 Natural Food Institute, Wonder Crops. 1987. ()
  21. ? 21.021.1 Fernald. M. L. Gray's Manual of Botany. American Book Co. (1950-00-00)
  22. ? Gordon. A. G. and Rowe. D. C. f. Seed Manual for Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. ()
  23. ? 23.023.123.2 Elias. T. The Complete Trees of N. America. Field Guide and Natural History. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. ISBN 0442238622 (1980-00-00)

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Retrieved from "https://practicalplants.org/w/index.php?title=Celtis_occidentalis&oldid=76062"
Facts about "Celtis occidentalis"RDF feed
Article is incompleteYes +
Article requires citationsNo +
Article requires cleanupYes +
Belongs to familyUlmaceae +
Belongs to genusCeltis +
Functions asWindbreak +
Has binomial nameCeltis occidentalis +
Has common nameHackberry +
Has drought toleranceTolerant +
Has edible partFruit + and Seed +
Has edible useUnknown use +
Has environmental toleranceHigh wind + and Drought +
Has fertility typeBees +
Has flowers of typeHermaphrodite +
Has growth rateVigorous +
Has hardiness zone2 +
Has imageCeltis-occidentalis-fruits.JPG +
Has lifecycle typePerennial +
Has material partUnknown part +
Has material useDye +, Fuel + and Wood +
Has mature height20 +
Has mature width20 +
Has medicinal partUnknown part +
Has medicinal useMiscellany + and VD +
Has primary imageCeltis-occidentalis-fruits.JPG +
Has search nameceltis occidentalis + and hackberry +
Has shade toleranceNo shade +
Has soil ph preferenceAcid +, Neutral + and Alkaline +
Has soil texture preferenceSandy + and Loamy +
Has soil water retention preferenceWell drained +
Has sun preferenceFull sun +
Has taxonomic rankSpecies +
Has taxonomy nameCeltis occidentalis +
Has water requirementsmoderate +
Inhabits ecosystem nicheCanopy +
Is deciduous or evergreenDeciduous +
Is herbaceous or woodyWoody +
Is taxonomy typeSpecies +
PFAF cultivation notes migratedNo +
PFAF edible use notes migratedNo +
PFAF material use notes migratedNo +
PFAF medicinal use notes migratedNo +
PFAF propagation notes migratedNo +
PFAF toxicity notes migratedYes +
Tolerates nutritionally poor soilNo +
Tolerates windYes +
Uses mature size measurement unitMeters +
Has subobjectThis property is a special property in this wiki.Celtis occidentalis +, Celtis occidentalis +, Celtis occidentalis +, Celtis occidentalis +, Celtis occidentalis +, Celtis occidentalis + and Celtis occidentalis +