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Abies nordmanniana
  • Caucasian Fir

a perennial woody evergreen member of the Abies genus in the family Pinaceae.

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Niche
  • Canopy
    Canopy
    There are no details available for this niche.
Functions
  • None
    None
    There are no functions defined for this plant. Do you know of some? Click the edit button to add them!
Light
  • Full sun
    Full sun
    The amount of sun exposure that a plant prefers in ideal conditions.
    Key
  • permanent shade
    Permanent shade
    The amount of shade a plant will tolerate without adverse health affects.
    Key
Water
  • Water Requirementsmoderate
    Moderate
    The amount of water a plant needs for healthy growth, relative to other plants.
    Key
Soil
  • acid,neutral,alkaline
    Unknown
    The PH range (acidity or alkilinity) of the growth medium ideal for healthy nutrient absorbtion.
    Key
  • Sandy to Heavy clay
    The soil texture this plant prefers for optimal growth.
    Key
Cold & Heat
  • 4
    Zone 4
    The USDA Hardiness scale assigns plants a number from 1 to 12 representing the minimum temperature a plant can survive.
    Key
    0< -53.9ºC< -65ºF
    1-51.1ºC-60ºF
    2-45.6ºC-50F
    3-40ºC-40ºF
    4-34.4ºC-30ºF
    5-28.9ºC-20ºF
    6-23.3ºC-10ºF
    7-17.8ºC0ºF
    8-12.2C10ºF
    9-6.7ºC20ºF
    10-1.1ºC30ºF
    114.4ºC40ºF
    12> 10ºC> 5ºF
  • ?
    Unknown
    The AHS Heat scale assigns plants a number from 1 to 12 representing the number of days per year a plant requires a temperature exceeding 30ºC (86ºF).
    Key
    11
    21 - 7
    38 - 14
    415 - 30
    531 - 45
    646 - 60
    761 - 90
    891 - 120
    9121 - 150
    10151 - 180
    11181 - 210
    12181 - 210
Abies nordmanniana has 0 material uses listed

Uses

Edible uses

There are no edible uses listed for Abies nordmanniana.

Material uses

Wood - light, soft, not very durable, poor quality. Used for construction, pulp etc[1].

Unknown part

Wood

Medicinal uses(Warning!)

There are no medicinal uses listed for Abies nordmanniana.

Ecology

Ecosystem niche/layer

Canopy

Ecological Functions

Nothing listed.

Forage

Nothing listed.

Shelter

Nothing listed.

Propagation

Seed - sow early February in a greenhouse or outdoors in March[2]. Germination is often poor, usually taking about 6 - 8 weeks[2]. Stratification is said to produce a more even germination so it is probably best to sow the seed in a cold frame as soon as it is ripe in the autumn[3][4]. The seed remains viable for up to 5 years if it is well stored[4]. When large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on for at least their first winter in pots. Plant them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer, after the last expected frosts. Alternatively, if you have sufficient seed, it is possible to sow in an outdoor seedbed. One report says that it is best to grow the seedlings on in the shade at a density of about 550 plants per square metre[2] whilst another report says that they are best grown on in a sunny position[3].

Practical Plants is currently lacking information on propagation instructions of Abies nordmanniana. Help us fill in the blanks! Edit this page to add your knowledge.



Cultivation

Prefers a good moist but not water-logged soil[5]. Grows well in heavy clay soils. Plants are very shade tolerant, especially when young, but growth is slower in dense shade[6]. Intolerant of atmospheric pollution[5]. Prefers slightly acid conditions down to a pH of about 5[7], but it tolerates more alkaline conditions than many other members of the genus[8]. Prefers growing on a north-facing slope and in areas with cool wet summers[8].

A very ornamental tree[5], it can hold its leaves for up to 26 years[6]. This species grows well in most parts of Britain but it is very susceptible to damage by aphis in some parts of the country[8]. It grows best in the Perthshire valleys of Scotland and the far west of Britain[8]. Trees grow quickly when young, a 60cm increase within 2 years of planting out is not uncommon[9]. It rarely exceeds this rate as it gets older though[9]. Trees should be planted into their permanent positions when they are quite small, between 30 and 90cm in height. Larger trees will check badly and hardly put on any growth for several years. This also badly affects root development and wind resistance[7]. Cultivated for timber in C. Europe[10]. It is also sometimes grown as a 'Christmas tree'[7].

Plants are strongly outbreeding, self-fertilized seed usually grows poorly[7]. They hybridize freely with other members of this genus[7].

Crops

Problems, pests & diseases

Associations & Interactions

There are no interactions listed for Abies nordmanniana. Do you know of an interaction that should be listed here? edit this page to add it.

Polycultures & Guilds

There are no polycultures listed which include Abies nordmanniana.

Descendants

Cultivars

Varieties

None listed.

Subspecies

None listed.

Full Data

This table shows all the data stored for this plant.

Taxonomy
Binomial name
Abies nordmanniana
Genus
Abies
Family
Pinaceae
Imported References
Edible uses
Medicinal uses
Material uses & Functions
[1]
Botanic
[8][11][7]
Propagation
Cultivation
Environment
Cultivation
Uses
Edible uses
None listed.
Material uses
None listed.
Medicinal uses
None listed.
Functions & Nature
Functions
Provides forage for
Provides shelter for
Environment
Hardiness Zone
4
Heat Zone
?
Water
moderate
Sun
full sun
Shade
permanent shade
Soil PH
acid, neutral, alkaline
Soil Texture
sandy, loamy, clay, heavy clay
Soil Water Retention
Environmental Tolerances
    Ecosystems
    Native Climate Zones
    None listed.
    Adapted Climate Zones
    None listed.
    Native Geographical Range
    None listed.
    Native Environment
    None listed.
    Ecosystem Niche
    Canopy
    Root Zone Tendancy
    None listed.
    Life
    Deciduous or Evergreen
    evergreen
    Herbaceous or Woody
    woody
    Life Cycle
    perennial
    Growth Rate
    moderate
    Mature Size
    50 x 5 meters
    Fertility
    ?
    Pollinators
    Wind
    Flower Colour
    ?
    Flower Type
    monoecious

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    "image:Abies-nordmanniana-habit.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki. "image:Abies-nordmanniana-habit.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.


    "image:Abies-nordmanniana-habit.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.

    "image:Abies-nordmanniana-habit.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.

    "image:Abies-nordmanniana-habit.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki., "image:Abies-nordmanniana-habit.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki., "image:Abies-nordmanniana-habit.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki. "image:Abies-nordmanniana-habit.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki., "image:Abies-nordmanniana-habit.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki., "image:Abies-nordmanniana-habit.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki., "image:Abies-nordmanniana-habit.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.

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    References

    1. ? 1.01.1 Usher. G. A Dictionary of Plants Used by Man. Constable ISBN 0094579202 (1974-00-00)
    2. ? 2.02.12.2 Sheat. W. G. Propagation of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers. MacMillan and Co (1948-00-00)
    3. ? 3.03.1 McMillan-Browse. P. Hardy Woody Plants from Seed. Grower Books ISBN 0-901361-21-6 (1985-00-00)
    4. ? 4.04.1 Dirr. M. A. and Heuser. M. W. The Reference Manual of Woody Plant Propagation. Athens Ga. Varsity Press ISBN 0942375009 (1987-00-00)
    5. ? 5.05.15.2 F. Chittendon. RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956 Oxford University Press (1951-00-00)
    6. ? 6.06.1 Rushforth. K. Conifers. Christopher Helm ISBN 0-7470-2801-X (1987-00-00)
    7. ? 7.07.17.27.37.47.5 Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press ISBN 0-333-47494-5 (1992-00-00)
    8. ? 8.08.18.28.38.4 Bean. W. Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement. Murray (1981-00-00)
    9. ? 9.09.1 Mitchell. A. F. Conifers in the British Isles. HMSO ISBN 0-11-710012-9 (1975-00-00)
    10. ? ? Flora Europaea Cambridge University Press (1964-00-00)
    11. ? Davis. P. H. Flora of Turkey. Edinburgh University Press (1965-00-00)

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    Facts about "Abies nordmanniana"RDF feed
    Article is incompleteYes +
    Article requires citationsNo +
    Article requires cleanupYes +
    Belongs to familyPinaceae +
    Belongs to genusAbies +
    Has common nameCaucasian Fir +
    Has drought toleranceIntolerant +
    Has fertility typeWind +
    Has flowers of typeMonoecious +
    Has growth rateModerate +
    Has hardiness zone4 +
    Has imageAbies-nordmanniana-habit.JPG +
    Has lifecycle typePerennial +
    Has material partUnknown part +
    Has material useWood +
    Has mature height50 +
    Has mature width5 +
    Has primary imageAbies-nordmanniana-habit.JPG +
    Has search nameabies nordmanniana + and x +
    Has shade tolerancePermanent shade +
    Has soil ph preferenceAcid +, Neutral + and Alkaline +
    Has soil teclayture preferenceClay +
    Has soil teheavy clayture preferenceHeavy clay +
    Has soil teloamyture preferenceLoamy +
    Has soil tesandyture preferenceSandy +
    Has sun preferenceFull sun +
    Has taxonomy nameAbies nordmanniana +
    Has water requirementsmoderate +
    Inhabits ecosystem nicheCanopy +
    Is deciduous or evergreenEvergreen +
    Is herbaceous or woodyWoody +
    Is taxonomy typeSpecies +
    Tolerates nutritionally poor soilNo +
    Uses mature size measurement unitMeters +