Pulmonaria officinalis
Lungwort

Uses

Edible uses

Notes

Leaves - raw or cooked^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]. They can be added to salads or used as a potherb^[6]. A fairly bland flavour but the leaves are low in fibre and make an acceptable addition to mixed salads, though their mucilaginous and slightly hairy texture make them less acceptable when eaten on their own[K]. The young leaves make a palatable cooked vegetable^[7], though we have found the texture to be somewhat slimy[K]. The plant is an ingredient of the drink Vermouth^[7].

Leaves

Unknown use

Material uses

A tolerant and slow growing ground cover plant for open woodland and border edges^[8]^[9]. Plants should be spaced about 50cm apart each way^[10].

There are no material uses listed for Pulmonaria officinalis.

Medicinal uses(Warning!)

Lungwort has a high mucilage content and this makes it useful in the treatment of chest conditions, being of particular benefit in cases of chronic bronchitis^[11]. It combines well with other herbs such as coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara) in the treatment of chronic coughs including whooping cough and can also be taken to treat asthma^[11].

The leaves and flowering shoots are astringent, demulcent, diaphoretic, diuretic, emollient, mildly expectorant and resolvent^[12]^[2]^[4]^[13]^[14]. They are often used for their healing effect in pulmonary complaints^[12] and their mucilaginous nature makes them beneficial in treating sore throats^[7]. The leaves can also be used externally to stop bleeding^[11]. They are harvested in the spring and dried for later use^[2]. A distilled water made from the plant is an effective eyewash for tired eyes^[2].

A homeopathic remedy is made from the plant^[4]. It is used in the treatment of bronchitis, coughs and diarrhoea^[4].

Unknown part

Astringent

Demulcent

Diaphoretic

Diuretic

Emollient

Expectorant

Homeopathy

Ophthalmic

Resolvent

Ecology

Ecosystem niche/layer

Soil surface

Ecological Functions

Ground cover

Forage

Nothing listed.

Shelter

Nothing listed.

Propagation

Seed - sow spring in a greenhouse. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in the greenhouse for their first winter. Plant them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer, after the last expected frosts. Division in spring or autumn or after flowering in early summer if the soil is not too dry^[9]. Very easy, larger divisions can be planted out direct into their permanent positions. We have found that it is better to pot up the smaller divisions and grow them on in light shade in a cold frame until they are well established before planting them out in late spring or early summer.

Practical Plants is currently lacking information on propagation instructions of Pulmonaria officinalis. Help us fill in the blanks! Edit this page to add your knowledge.

Cultivation

Grows well in any moderately good soil including heavy clay soils^[15]^[16]. Prefers full to part shade in a moist humus rich soil^[9]. Succeeds in the sunless shade of buildings^[9]. Plants growing in shady positions tolerate drought if the soil is rich in humus^[17]. The leaves tend to wilt in hot weather when the plant is grown in full sun^[17].

Hardy to about -20°c^[18]. Members of this genus are rarely if ever troubled by browsing deer and rabbits^[19]. A valuable early nectar source for bees^[9]. There are several named forms, selected for their ornamental value^[19].

Hybridizes freely with other members of this genus^[9].

Crops

Problems, pests & diseases

Associations & Interactions

There are no interactions listed for Pulmonaria officinalis. Do you know of an interaction that should be listed here? edit this page to add it.

Polycultures & Guilds

There are no polycultures listed which include Pulmonaria officinalis.

Descendants

Cultivars

Varieties

None listed.

Subspecies

None listed.

Full Data

This table shows all the data stored for this plant.

References

? ^1.0^1.1 Hedrick. U. P. Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World. Dover Publications ISBN 0-486-20459-6 (1972-00-00)
? ^2.0^2.1^2.2^2.3^2.4^2.5 Chiej. R. Encyclopaedia of Medicinal Plants. MacDonald ISBN 0-356-10541-5 (1984-00-00)
? ^3.0^3.1 Ceres. Free for All. Thorsons Publishers ISBN 0-7225-0445-4 (1977-00-00)
? ^4.0^4.1^4.2^4.3^4.4^4.5 Launert. E. Edible and Medicinal Plants. Hamlyn ISBN 0-600-37216-2 (1981-00-00)
? ^5.0^5.1 Tanaka. T. Tanaka's Cyclopaedia of Edible Plants of the World. Keigaku Publishing (1976-00-00)
? ^6.0^6.1 Facciola. S. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications ISBN 0-9628087-0-9 (1990-00-00)
? ^7.0^7.1^7.2^7.3^7.4 Phillips. R. & Foy. N. Herbs Pan Books Ltd. London. ISBN 0-330-30725-8 (1990-00-00)
? ^8.0^8.1 Royal Horticultural Society. Ground Cover Plants. Cassells. ISBN 0-304-31089-1 (1989-00-00)
? ^9.0^9.1^9.2^9.3^9.4^9.5^9.6^9.7 Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press ISBN 0-333-47494-5 (1992-00-00)
? ^10.0^10.1 Thomas. G. S. Plants for Ground Cover J. M. Dent & Sons ISBN 0-460-12609-1 (1990-00-00)
? ^11.0^11.1^11.2^11.3 Chevallier. A. The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants Dorling Kindersley. London ISBN 9-780751-303148 (1996-00-00)
? ^12.0^12.1^12.2 Grieve. A Modern Herbal. Penguin ISBN 0-14-046-440-9 (1984-00-00)
? ^13.0^13.1 Lust. J. The Herb Book. Bantam books ISBN 0-553-23827-2 (1983-00-00)
? ^14.0^14.1 Mills. S. Y. The Dictionary of Modern Herbalism. ()
? F. Chittendon. RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956 Oxford University Press (1951-00-00)
? Brown. Shade Plants for Garden and Woodland. ()
? ^17.0^17.1 Chatto. B. The Dry Garden. Dent ISBN 0460045512 (1982-00-00)
? Phillips. R. & Rix. M. Perennials Volumes 1 and 2. Pan Books ISBN 0-330-30936-9 (1991-00-00)
? ^19.0^19.1 Thomas. G. S. Perennial Garden Plants J. M. Dent & Sons, London. ISBN 0 460 86048 8 (1990-00-00)
? Clapham, Tootin and Warburg. Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press (1962-00-00)

Cite error: <ref> tag with name "PFAFimport-13" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.

"image:Pulmonaria officinalis Gevlekt longkruid.JPG|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.

[PFAFimport-2-1] ? ^1.0^1.1 Hedrick. U. P. Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World. Dover Publications ISBN 0-486-20459-6 (1972-00-00)

[PFAFimport-7-2] ? ^2.0^2.1^2.2^2.3^2.4^2.5 Chiej. R. Encyclopaedia of Medicinal Plants. MacDonald ISBN 0-356-10541-5 (1984-00-00)

[PFAFimport-8-3] ? ^3.0^3.1 Ceres. Free for All. Thorsons Publishers ISBN 0-7225-0445-4 (1977-00-00)

[PFAFimport-9-4] ? ^4.0^4.1^4.2^4.3^4.4^4.5 Launert. E. Edible and Medicinal Plants. Hamlyn ISBN 0-600-37216-2 (1981-00-00)

[PFAFimport-105-5] ? ^5.0^5.1 Tanaka. T. Tanaka's Cyclopaedia of Edible Plants of the World. Keigaku Publishing (1976-00-00)

[PFAFimport-183-6] ? ^6.0^6.1 Facciola. S. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications ISBN 0-9628087-0-9 (1990-00-00)

[PFAFimport-244-7] ? ^7.0^7.1^7.2^7.3^7.4 Phillips. R. & Foy. N. Herbs Pan Books Ltd. London. ISBN 0-330-30725-8 (1990-00-00)

[PFAFimport-197-8] ? ^8.0^8.1 Royal Horticultural Society. Ground Cover Plants. Cassells. ISBN 0-304-31089-1 (1989-00-00)

[PFAFimport-200-9] ? ^9.0^9.1^9.2^9.3^9.4^9.5^9.6^9.7 Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press ISBN 0-333-47494-5 (1992-00-00)

[PFAFimport-208-10] ? ^10.0^10.1 Thomas. G. S. Plants for Ground Cover J. M. Dent & Sons ISBN 0-460-12609-1 (1990-00-00)

[PFAFimport-254-11] ? ^11.0^11.1^11.2^11.3 Chevallier. A. The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants Dorling Kindersley. London ISBN 9-780751-303148 (1996-00-00)

[PFAFimport-4-12] ? ^12.0^12.1^12.2 Grieve. A Modern Herbal. Penguin ISBN 0-14-046-440-9 (1984-00-00)

[PFAFimport-21-13] ? ^13.0^13.1 Lust. J. The Herb Book. Bantam books ISBN 0-553-23827-2 (1983-00-00)

[PFAFimport-165-14] ? ^14.0^14.1 Mills. S. Y. The Dictionary of Modern Herbalism. ()

[PFAFimport-1-15] ? F. Chittendon. RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956 Oxford University Press (1951-00-00)

[PFAFimport-31-16] ? Brown. Shade Plants for Garden and Woodland. ()

[PFAFimport-190-17] ? ^17.0^17.1 Chatto. B. The Dry Garden. Dent ISBN 0460045512 (1982-00-00)

[PFAFimport-187-18] ? Phillips. R. & Rix. M. Perennials Volumes 1 and 2. Pan Books ISBN 0-330-30936-9 (1991-00-00)

[PFAFimport-233-19] ? ^19.0^19.1 Thomas. G. S. Perennial Garden Plants J. M. Dent & Sons, London. ISBN 0 460 86048 8 (1990-00-00)

[PFAFimport-17-20] ? Clapham, Tootin and Warburg. Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press (1962-00-00)

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Article is incomplete	Yes +
Article requires citations	No +
Article requires cleanup	Yes +
Belongs to family	Boraginaceae +
Belongs to genus	Pulmonaria +
Functions as	Ground cover +
Has binomial name	Pulmonaria officinalis +
Has common name	Lungwort +
Has drought tolerance	Tolerant +
Has edible part	Leaves +
Has edible use	Unknown use +
Has environmental tolerance	Drought +
Has fertility type	Bees + and Flies +
Has flowers of type	Hermaphrodite +
Has hardiness zone	4 +
Has image	Pulmonaria officinalis Gevlekt longkruid.JPG +
Has lifecycle type	Perennial +
Has mature height	0.3 +
Has mature width	0.3 +
Has medicinal part	Unknown part +
Has medicinal use	Astringent +, Demulcent +, Diaphoretic +, Diuretic +, Emollient +, Expectorant +, Homeopathy +, Ophthalmic + and Resolvent +
Has primary image	Pulmonaria officinalis Gevlekt longkruid.JPG +
Has search name	pulmonaria officinalis + and lungwort +
Has shade tolerance	Permanent shade +
Has soil ph preference	Acid +, Neutral + and Alkaline +
Has soil texture preference	Sandy +, Loamy +, Clay + and Heavy clay +
Has sun preference	Partial sun +
Has taxonomic rank	Species +
Has taxonomy name	Pulmonaria officinalis +
Has water requirements	moderate +
Inhabits ecosystem niche	Soil surface +
Is deciduous or evergreen	Evergreen +
Is taxonomy type	Species +
PFAF cultivation notes migrated	No +
PFAF edible use notes migrated	No +
PFAF material use notes migrated	No +
PFAF medicinal use notes migrated	No +
PFAF propagation notes migrated	No +
PFAF toxicity notes migrated	Yes +
Tolerates nutritionally poor soil	No +
Uses mature size measurement unit	Meters +
Has subobjectThis property is a special property in this wiki.	Pulmonaria officinalis +, Pulmonaria officinalis +, Pulmonaria officinalis +, Pulmonaria officinalis +, Pulmonaria officinalis +, Pulmonaria officinalis +, Pulmonaria officinalis +, Pulmonaria officinalis +, Pulmonaria officinalis + and Pulmonaria officinalis +