Elaeagnus multiflora
Goumi

Uses

Edible uses

Notes

Fruit - raw or cooked^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]. Pleasantly acid when ripe, they make a very good dessert fruit[K] though they are usually made into pies, preserves etc^[7]. Quite fiddly and difficult to pick without breaking the young shoots^[8]. The fruit must be fully ripe before it can be enjoyed raw, if even slightly under-ripe it will be quite astringent[K]. The fruit contains a single large seed[K]. Seed - raw or cooked. It can be eaten with the fruit though the seed case is rather fibrous[K].

Fruit

Unknown use

Seed

Unknown use

Material uses

Plants can be grown as a hedge in exposed positions, tolerating maritime exposure. Reasonably fast growing and providing a good screen in the summer, though much more open in the winter. It is a good companion hedge to grow, the plants enriching the soil and improving the growth of neighbouring plants[K]. A hedge in a very exposed position at Rosewarne in N. Cornwall was 3.5 metres tall in 1989[K]. Often used as a rootstock for evergreen species that are hard to grow from cuttings. It frequently sprouts from the base and can out-compete the scion^[9].

There are no material uses listed for Elaeagnus multiflora.

Medicinal uses(Warning!)

The fruit of many members of this genus is a very rich source of vitamins and minerals, especially in vitamins A, C and E, flavanoids and other bio-active compounds. It is also a fairly good source of essential fatty acids, which is fairly unusual for a fruit. It is being investigated as a food that is capable of reducing the incidence of cancer and also as a means of halting or reversing the growth of cancers^[10].

The leaves are used in the treatment of coughs^[11]. The fruit is prescribed in the treatment of watery diarrhoea^[11].

The root is astringent, a decoction is used to treat itch and foul sores^[11].

Unknown part

Antitussive

Astringent

Cancer

Ecology

Ecosystem niche/layer

Secondary canopy

Ecological Functions

Hedge

Rootstock

Nitrogen fixer

Forage

Nothing listed.

Shelter

Nothing listed.

Propagation

Seed - best sown as soon as it is ripe in a cold frame^[12]. It should germinate in late winter or early spring, though it may take 18 months[K]. Stored seed can be very slow to germinate, often taking more than 18 months. A warm stratification for 4 weeks followed by 12 weeks cold stratification can help^[13]. The seed usually (eventually) germinates quite well^[12]. Prick out the seedlings into individual pot as soon as they are large enough to handle and plant out when they are at least 15cm tall.

Cuttings of half-ripe wood, 7 - 10cm with a heel, July/August in a frame. Good percentage^[12]. Cuttings of mature wood of the current year's growth, 10 - 12cm with a heel, November in a frame. Leave for 12 months. Fair to good percentage^[12].

Layering in September/October. Takes 12 months^[12].

Practical Plants is currently lacking information on propagation instructions of Elaeagnus multiflora. Help us fill in the blanks! Edit this page to add your knowledge.

Cultivation

An easily grown plant^[14], it succeeds in most soils that are well-drained^[3]^[8]. Prefers a soil that is only moderately fertile, succeeding in poor soils and in dry soils^[3]^[8]. Prefers a light sandy loam and a sunny position but succeeds in light shade^[3]^[8]. Very drought and wind resistant^[1]^[3]^[8]. Tolerates atmospheric pollution^[15].

Plants are hardy to about -20°c^[14], but the roots are hardy to -30°c (although top growth will be killed at this temperature). Cultivated for its edible fruit in Japan, there are some named varieties^[2]^[3]^[7]. Plants can crop in 4 years from cuttings^[15]. They bear heavily in Britain^[3]. The fruit is well hidden in the shrub and is quite difficult to harvest without damaging the plant[K]. The ssp. E. multiflora ovata. (Maxim.)Servettaz. produces brown fruits on long stalks^[8], would this be any easier to harvest?[K]. The synonym E. longipes is sometimes accepted as a distinct species, differing mainly in having very long peduncles about 2.5cm in length^[10]. This species is notably resistant to honey fungus^[16]^[8]. Birds love the fruits^[15]. This species has a symbiotic relationship with certain soil bacteria, these bacteria form nodules on the roots and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Some of this nitrogen is utilized by the growing plant but some can also be used by other plants growing nearby^[8]. An excellent companion plant, when grown in orchards it can increase yields from the fruit trees by up to 10%.

The small flowers are deliciously scented with a lilac-like smell, their aroma pervading the garden on calm days[K].

Crops

Problems, pests & diseases

Associations & Interactions

There are no interactions listed for Elaeagnus multiflora. Do you know of an interaction that should be listed here? edit this page to add it.

Polycultures & Guilds

There are no polycultures listed which include Elaeagnus multiflora.

Descendants

Cultivars

Varieties

None listed.

Subspecies

None listed.

Full Data

This table shows all the data stored for this plant.

References

? ^1.0^1.1^1.2 F. Chittendon. RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956 Oxford University Press (32202/01/01)
? ^2.0^2.1^2.2 Simmons. A. E. Growing Unusual Fruit. David and Charles ISBN 0-7153-5531-7 (32202/01/01)
? ^3.0^3.1^3.2^3.3^3.4^3.5^3.6^3.7^3.8 Bean. W. Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement. Murray (32202/01/01)
? ^4.0^4.1 Bryan. J. and Castle. C. Edible Ornamental Garden. Pitman Publishing ISBN 0-273-00098-5 (32202/01/01)
? ^5.0^5.1 Uphof. J. C. Th. Dictionary of Economic Plants. Weinheim (32202/01/01)
? ^6.0^6.1 Kunkel. G. Plants for Human Consumption. Koeltz Scientific Books ISBN 3874292169 (32202/01/01)
? ^7.0^7.1^7.2 Facciola. S. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications ISBN 0-9628087-0-9 (32202/01/01)
? ^8.0^8.1^8.2^8.3^8.4^8.5^8.6^8.7^8.8^8.9 Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press ISBN 0-333-47494-5 (32202/01/01)
? ^9.0^9.1 Thomas. G. S. Ornamental Shrubs, Climbers and Bamboos. Murray ISBN 0-7195-5043-2 (32202/01/01)
? ^10.0^10.1^10.2 Matthews. V. The New Plantsman. Volume 1, 1994. Royal Horticultural Society ISBN 1352-4186 (32202/01/01)
? ^11.0^11.1^11.2^11.3 Duke. J. A. and Ayensu. E. S. Medicinal Plants of China Reference Publications, Inc. ISBN 0-917256-20-4 (32202/01/01)
? ^12.0^12.1^12.2^12.3^12.4 Sheat. W. G. Propagation of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers. MacMillan and Co (32202/01/01)
? Gordon. A. G. and Rowe. D. C. f. Seed Manual for Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. ()
? ^14.0^14.1 Phillips. R. & Rix. M. Shrubs. Pan Books ISBN 0-330-30258-2 (32202/01/01)
? ^15.0^15.1^15.2 Natural Food Institute, Wonder Crops. 1987. ()
? RHS. The Garden. Volume 112. Royal Horticultural Society (32202/01/01)
? Ohwi. G. Flora of Japan. (English translation) Smithsonian Institution (32202/01/01)

"image:Elaeagnus multiflora Frucht.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.

[PFAFimport-1-1] ? ^1.0^1.1^1.2 F. Chittendon. RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956 Oxford University Press (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-3-2] ? ^2.0^2.1^2.2 Simmons. A. E. Growing Unusual Fruit. David and Charles ISBN 0-7153-5531-7 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-11-3] ? ^3.0^3.1^3.2^3.3^3.4^3.5^3.6^3.7^3.8 Bean. W. Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement. Murray (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-15-4] ? ^4.0^4.1 Bryan. J. and Castle. C. Edible Ornamental Garden. Pitman Publishing ISBN 0-273-00098-5 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-46-5] ? ^5.0^5.1 Uphof. J. C. Th. Dictionary of Economic Plants. Weinheim (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-177-6] ? ^6.0^6.1 Kunkel. G. Plants for Human Consumption. Koeltz Scientific Books ISBN 3874292169 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-183-7] ? ^7.0^7.1^7.2 Facciola. S. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications ISBN 0-9628087-0-9 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-200-8] ? ^8.0^8.1^8.2^8.3^8.4^8.5^8.6^8.7^8.8^8.9 Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press ISBN 0-333-47494-5 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-182-9] ? ^9.0^9.1 Thomas. G. S. Ornamental Shrubs, Climbers and Bamboos. Murray ISBN 0-7195-5043-2 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-214-10] ? ^10.0^10.1^10.2 Matthews. V. The New Plantsman. Volume 1, 1994. Royal Horticultural Society ISBN 1352-4186 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-218-11] ? ^11.0^11.1^11.2^11.3 Duke. J. A. and Ayensu. E. S. Medicinal Plants of China Reference Publications, Inc. ISBN 0-917256-20-4 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-78-12] ? ^12.0^12.1^12.2^12.3^12.4 Sheat. W. G. Propagation of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers. MacMillan and Co (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-98-13] ? Gordon. A. G. and Rowe. D. C. f. Seed Manual for Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. ()

[PFAFimport-184-14] ? ^14.0^14.1 Phillips. R. & Rix. M. Shrubs. Pan Books ISBN 0-330-30258-2 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-160-15] ? ^15.0^15.1^15.2 Natural Food Institute, Wonder Crops. 1987. ()

[PFAFimport-88-16] ? RHS. The Garden. Volume 112. Royal Horticultural Society (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-58-17] ? Ohwi. G. Flora of Japan. (English translation) Smithsonian Institution (32202/01/01)

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Article is incomplete	Yes +
Article requires citations	No +
Article requires cleanup	Yes +
Belongs to family	Elaeagnaceae +
Belongs to genus	Elaeagnus +
Functions as	Hedge +, Rootstock + and Nitrogen fixer +
Has common name	Goumi +
Has drought tolerance	Tolerant +
Has edible part	Fruit + and Seeds +
Has edible use	Unknown use +
Has environmental tolerance	Maritime exposure +, High wind + and Drought +
Has fertility type	Bee +
Has flowers of type	Hermaphrodite +
Has growth rate	Moderate +
Has hardiness zone	6 +
Has image	Elaeagnus multiflora Frucht.jpg +
Has lifecycle type	Perennial +
Has mature height	3 +
Has mature width	2 +
Has medicinal part	Unknown part +
Has medicinal use	Antitussive +, Astringent + and Cancer +
Has primary image	Elaeagnus multiflora Frucht.jpg +
Has search name	elaeagnus multiflora + and x +
Has shade tolerance	Light shade +
Has soil ph preference	Acid +, Neutral + and Alkaline +
Has soil teclayture preference	Clay +
Has soil teloamyture preference	Loamy +
Has soil tesandyture preference	Sandy +
Has soil water retention preference	Well drained +
Has sun preference	Full sun +
Has taxonomy name	Elaeagnus multiflora +
Has water requirements	moderate +
Is deciduous or evergreen	Deciduous +
Is herbaceous or woody	Woody +
Is taxonomy type	Species +
Tolerates maritime exposure	Yes +
Tolerates nutritionally poor soil	No +
Tolerates wind	Yes +
Uses mature size measurement unit	Meters +