Crataegus submollis
Quebec Hawthorn

Uses

Edible uses

Notes

Fruit - raw or cooked^[1]^[2]. Sub-acid, dry and mealy^[3]. Our experience has been that the fruit is sweet and somewhat juicy, it has a thick flesh with a nice flavour and makes an acceptable dessert fruit[K]. The fruit can also be used in making pies, preserves etc, and can be dried for later use^[4]. It is about 20mm in diameter, is borne in large clusters and is easily harvested[K]. There are up to five fairly large seeds in the centre of the fruit, these often stick together and so the effect is of eating a cherry-like fruit with a single seed[K].

Fruit

Unknown use

Material uses

Plants are very tolerant of trimming and will soon resprout even if cut back into very old wood. They can be used as a hedge^[5]. Wood - heavy, hard, tough, close-grained. Useful for making tool handles, mallets and other small items^[3].

There are no material uses listed for Crataegus submollis.

Medicinal uses(Warning!)

Although no specific mention has been seen for this species, the fruits and flowers of many hawthorns are well-known in herbal folk medicine as a heart tonic and modern research has borne out this use. The fruits and flowers have a hypotensive effect as well as acting as a direct and mild heart tonic^[6]. They are especially indicated in the treatment of weak heart combined with high blood pressure^[6]. Prolonged use is necessary for it to be efficacious^[6]. It is normally used either as a tea or a tincture^[6].

Unknown part

Cardiotonic

Hypotensive

Ecology

Ecosystem niche/layer

Secondary canopy

Ecological Functions

Hedge

Forage

Nothing listed.

Shelter

Nothing listed.

Propagation

Seed - this is best sown as soon as it is ripe in the autumn in a cold frame, some of the seed will germinate in the spring, though most will probably take another year. Stored seed can be very slow and erratic to germinate, it should be warm stratified for 3 months at 15°c and then cold stratified for another 3 months at 4°c^[7]. It may still take another 18 months to germinate^[8]. Scarifying the seed before stratifying it might reduce this time^[9]. Fermenting the seed for a few days in its own pulp may also speed up the germination process[K]. Another possibility is to harvest the seed 'green' (as soon as the embryo has fully developed but before the seedcoat hardens) and sow it immediately in a cold frame. If timed well, it can germinate in the spring^[9]. If you are only growing small quantities of plants, it is best to pot up the seedlings as soon as they are large enough to handle and grow them on in individual pots for their first year, planting them out in late spring into nursery beds or their final positions. When growing larger quantities, it might be best to sow them directly outdoors in a seedbed, but with protection from mice and other seed-eating creatures. Grow them on in the seedbed until large enough to plant out, but undercut the roots if they are to be left undisturbed for more than two years.

Practical Plants is currently lacking information on propagation instructions of Crataegus submollis. Help us fill in the blanks! Edit this page to add your knowledge.

Cultivation

A very easily grown plant, it prefers a well-drained moisture retentive loamy soil but is not at all fussy^[10]^[11]. Once established, it succeeds in excessively moist soils and also tolerates drought^[11]. It grows well on a chalk soil and also in heavy clay soils^[11]. A position in full sun is best when plants are being grown for their fruit, they also succeed in semi-shade though fruit yields and quality will be lower in such a position^[10]^[11]. Most members of this genus succeed in exposed positions, they also tolerate atmospheric pollution^[11].

Plants are hardy to about -18°c^[12]. Hybridizes freely with other members of this genus^[11]. Seedling trees take from 5 - 8 years before they start bearing fruit, though grafted trees will often flower heavily in their third year[K]. The flowers have a foetid smell somewhat like decaying fish. This attracts midges which are the main means of fertilization. When freshly open, the flowers have more pleasant scent with balsamic undertones^[13]. Seedlings should not be left in a seedbed for more than 2 years without being transplanted^[10].

This species is sometimes confused with C. coccinea^[5]. It is also very close to C. mollis, differing in having 10 stamens to a flower (as compared to 20 in C. mollis)^[12]. It is considered to be part of C. mollis by some botanists^[14].

Crops

Problems, pests & diseases

Associations & Interactions

There are no interactions listed for Crataegus submollis. Do you know of an interaction that should be listed here? edit this page to add it.

Polycultures & Guilds

There are no polycultures listed which include Crataegus submollis.

Descendants

Cultivars

Varieties

None listed.

Subspecies

None listed.

Full Data

This table shows all the data stored for this plant.

References

? ^1.0^1.1 Tanaka. T. Tanaka's Cyclopaedia of Edible Plants of the World. Keigaku Publishing (1976-00-00)
? ^2.0^2.1 Yanovsky. E. Food Plants of the N. American Indians. Publication no. 237. U.S. Depf of Agriculture. ()
? ^3.0^3.1^3.2^3.3 Sargent. C. S. Manual of the Trees of N. America. Dover Publications Inc. New York. ISBN 0-486-20278-X (1965-00-00)
? ^4.0^4.1 Moerman. D. Native American Ethnobotany Timber Press. Oregon. ISBN 0-88192-453-9 (1998-00-00)
? ^5.0^5.1^5.2 ? Flora Europaea Cambridge University Press (1964-00-00)
? ^6.0^6.1^6.2^6.3^6.4 Foster. S. & Duke. J. A. A Field Guide to Medicinal Plants. Eastern and Central N. America. Houghton Mifflin Co. ISBN 0395467225 (1990-00-00)
? Bird. R. (Editor) Growing from Seed. Volume 4. Thompson and Morgan. (1990-00-00)
? Sheat. W. G. Propagation of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers. MacMillan and Co (1948-00-00)
? ^9.0^9.1 McMillan-Browse. P. Hardy Woody Plants from Seed. Grower Books ISBN 0-901361-21-6 (1985-00-00)
? ^10.0^10.1^10.2^10.3 Bean. W. Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement. Murray (1981-00-00)
? ^11.0^11.1^11.2^11.3^11.4^11.5^11.6 Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press ISBN 0-333-47494-5 (1992-00-00)
? ^12.0^12.1 Davis. B. Climbers and Wall Shrubs. Viking. ISBN 0-670-82929-3 (1990-00-00)
? Genders. R. Scented Flora of the World. Robert Hale. London. ISBN 0-7090-5440-8 (1994-00-00)
? Elias. T. The Complete Trees of N. America. Field Guide and Natural History. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. ISBN 0442238622 (1980-00-00)
? Fernald. M. L. Gray's Manual of Botany. American Book Co. (1950-00-00)

"image:Crataegus-submollis-fruit.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.

[PFAFimport-105-1] ? ^1.0^1.1 Tanaka. T. Tanaka's Cyclopaedia of Edible Plants of the World. Keigaku Publishing (1976-00-00)

[PFAFimport-161-2] ? ^2.0^2.1 Yanovsky. E. Food Plants of the N. American Indians. Publication no. 237. U.S. Depf of Agriculture. ()

[PFAFimport-82-3] ? ^3.0^3.1^3.2^3.3 Sargent. C. S. Manual of the Trees of N. America. Dover Publications Inc. New York. ISBN 0-486-20278-X (1965-00-00)

[PFAFimport-257-4] ? ^4.0^4.1 Moerman. D. Native American Ethnobotany Timber Press. Oregon. ISBN 0-88192-453-9 (1998-00-00)

[PFAFimport-50-5] ? ^5.0^5.1^5.2 ? Flora Europaea Cambridge University Press (1964-00-00)

[PFAFimport-222-6] ? ^6.0^6.1^6.2^6.3^6.4 Foster. S. & Duke. J. A. A Field Guide to Medicinal Plants. Eastern and Central N. America. Houghton Mifflin Co. ISBN 0395467225 (1990-00-00)

[PFAFimport-164-7] ? Bird. R. (Editor) Growing from Seed. Volume 4. Thompson and Morgan. (1990-00-00)

[PFAFimport-78-8] ? Sheat. W. G. Propagation of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers. MacMillan and Co (1948-00-00)

[PFAFimport-80-9] ? ^9.0^9.1 McMillan-Browse. P. Hardy Woody Plants from Seed. Grower Books ISBN 0-901361-21-6 (1985-00-00)

[PFAFimport-11-10] ? ^10.0^10.1^10.2^10.3 Bean. W. Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement. Murray (1981-00-00)

[PFAFimport-200-11] ? ^11.0^11.1^11.2^11.3^11.4^11.5^11.6 Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press ISBN 0-333-47494-5 (1992-00-00)

[PFAFimport-202-12] ? ^12.0^12.1 Davis. B. Climbers and Wall Shrubs. Viking. ISBN 0-670-82929-3 (1990-00-00)

[PFAFimport-245-13] ? Genders. R. Scented Flora of the World. Robert Hale. London. ISBN 0-7090-5440-8 (1994-00-00)

[PFAFimport-229-14] ? Elias. T. The Complete Trees of N. America. Field Guide and Natural History. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. ISBN 0442238622 (1980-00-00)

[PFAFimport-43-15] ? Fernald. M. L. Gray's Manual of Botany. American Book Co. (1950-00-00)

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Article is incomplete	Yes +
Article requires citations	No +
Article requires cleanup	Yes +
Belongs to family	Rosaceae +
Belongs to genus	Crataegus +
Functions as	Hedge +
Has common name	Quebec Hawthorn +
Has drought tolerance	Tolerant +
Has edible part	Fruit +
Has edible use	Unknown use +
Has environmental tolerance	High wind + and Drought +
Has fertility type	Midges +
Has flowers of type	Hermaphrodite +
Has hardiness zone	5 +
Has image	Crataegus-submollis-fruit.jpg +
Has lifecycle type	Perennial +
Has mature height	8 +
Has mature width	8 +
Has medicinal part	Unknown part +
Has medicinal use	Cardiotonic + and Hypotensive +
Has primary image	Crataegus-submollis-fruit.jpg +
Has search name	crataegus submollis + and x +
Has shade tolerance	Light shade +
Has soil ph preference	Acid +, Neutral +, Alkaline + and Very alkaline +
Has soil teclayture preference	Clay +
Has soil teheavy clayture preference	Heavy clay +
Has soil teloamyture preference	Loamy +
Has soil tesandyture preference	Sandy +
Has sun preference	Full sun +
Has taxonomy name	Crataegus submollis +
Has water requirements	high +
Inhabits ecosystem niche	Secondary canopy +
Is deciduous or evergreen	Deciduous +
Is herbaceous or woody	Woody +
Is taxonomy type	Species +
Tolerates nutritionally poor soil	No +
Tolerates wind	Yes +
Uses mature size measurement unit	Meters +