Vitis vinifera
Grape

Uses

Edible uses

Fruit

Alcohol, Juice, Drink, Sweetener

Flowers

Leaves

Seed

Shoots

Sap

Fresh

Used as a drink, it has a sweet taste. The sap can be harvested in spring and early summer, though it should not be taken in quantity or it will weaken the plant.

Material uses

Leaves

Fruit

Seed

Wood

Medicinal uses(Warning!)

Grapes are a nourishing and slightly laxative fruit that can support the body through illness, especially of the gastro-intestinal tract and liver^[14]. Because the nutrient content of grapes is close to that of blood plasma, grape fasts are recommended for detoxification^[14].

An unknown part of the plant list listed as analgesic^[17].

The seed is anti-inflammatory and astringent^[12]^[7]^[13].

The tendrils are astringent and a decoction is used in the treatment of diarrhoea^[7].

Fruit

Antilithic, Constructive, Cooling, Diuretic

Demulcent, Expectorant, Laxative, Stomachic

Flowers

Bach

Leaves

Anti-inflammatory, Astringent, Stomachic

Sap

Diuretic

Unknown part

Hepatic

Laxative

Lithontripic

Skin

Stomachic

Ecology

Ecosystem niche/layer

Climber

Ecological Functions

Nothing listed.

Forage

Nothing listed.

Shelter

Nothing listed.

Propagation

Seed

Best sown in a cold frame as soon as it is ripe. Six weeks cold stratification improves the germination rate, and so stored seed is best sown in a cold frame as soon as it is obtained. Germination should take place in the first spring, but sometimes takes another 12 months. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots when they are large enough to handle and grow them on in a cold frame for their first winter. Plant out in early summer.

Rooted cuttings

Cuttings of mature wood of the current seasons growth, December/January in a frame. These cuttings can be of wood 15 - 30cm long or they can be of short sections of the stem about 5cm long with just one bud at the top of the section. In this case a thin, narrow strip of the bark about 3cm long is removed from the bottom half of the side of the stem. This will encourage callusing and the formation of roots. Due to the size of these cuttings they need to be kept in a more protected environment than the longer cuttings.

Cultivation

Prefers a deep rich moist well-drained moderately fertile loam^[1]^[18]. Grows best in a calcareous soil, but dislikes excessively chalky soils^[18]. Prefers a pH in the range 6.5 to 7^[18] but tolerates a range from 4.3 to 8.6. Succeeds in sun or partial shade though a warm sunny sheltered position is required for the fruit to ripen^[18].

Very commonly grown in the temperate zones of the world for its edible fruit, there are many named varieties, some of which have been developed for their use as a dried fruit, others for dessert use and others for wine^[19]^[5]. Good and regular crops are a bit problematical in Britain, grapes are on the northern most limits of their range in this country and the British summer often does not provide enough heat to properly ripen the fruit. Late frosts can also damage young growth in spring, though dormant shoots are very hardy, tolerating temperatures down to about -20°c^[3]. Nonetheless, there are a number of commercial vineyards in Britain (usually producing wine grapes) and, given a suitably sunny and sheltered position, good dessert grapes can also be grown. In general it is best to grow the dessert varieties against the shelter of a south or west facing wall^[20]. There are a number of varieties that have been bred to cope with cooler summers. Grapes are very susceptible to attacks by phylloxera, this disease is especially prevalent in some areas of Europe and it almost destroyed the grape industry. However, American species of grapes that are resistant to phylloxera are now used as rootstocks and this allows grapes to be grown in areas where the disease is common. Britain is free of the disease at the present (1989) and grapes are usually grown on their own roots. Plants in this genus are notably susceptible to honey fungus^[18]. The flowers are intensely fragrant^[21]. Grapes grow well in the company of hyssop, chives, basil and charlock^[22]. They grow badly with radishes, both the grapes and the radishes developing an off taste^[22]. Plants climb by means of tendrils^[23]. Any pruning should be carried out in winter when the plants are dormant otherwise they bleed profusely^[23].

The cultivated grape is thought to have been derived from V. vinifera sylvestris. (Gmel.)Hegi. This form has dioecious flowers and produces small black grapes.

Crops

Fruit

Harvest

Grapes are harvested around the end of summer into autumn, depending on the region. Harvest signals vary from cultivar to cultivar. The fruit is soft and does not store.

Problems, pests & diseases

Associations & Interactions

There are no interactions listed for Vitis vinifera. Do you know of an interaction that should be listed here? edit this page to add it.

Polycultures & Guilds

There are no polycultures listed which include Vitis vinifera.

Descendants

Cultivars

Varieties

None listed.

Subspecies

None listed.

Full Data

This table shows all the data stored for this plant.

References

? ^1.0^1.1^1.2 F. Chittendon. RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956 Oxford University Press (32202/01/01)
? ^2.0^2.1 Hedrick. U. P. Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World. Dover Publications ISBN 0-486-20459-6 (32202/01/01)
? ^3.0^3.1^3.2^3.3 Bean. W. Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement. Murray (32202/01/01)
? ^4.0^4.1^4.2^4.3^4.4 Uphof. J. C. Th. Dictionary of Economic Plants. Weinheim (32202/01/01)
? ^5.0^5.1^5.2^5.3^5.4^5.5^5.6 Facciola. S. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications ISBN 0-9628087-0-9 (32202/01/01)
? ^6.0^6.1 Harris. B. C. Eat the Weeds. Pivot Health (32202/01/01)
? ^7.0^7.1^7.2^7.3^7.4^7.5^7.6^7.7^7.8^7.9 Chiej. R. Encyclopaedia of Medicinal Plants. MacDonald ISBN 0-356-10541-5 (32202/01/01)
? ^8.0^8.1^8.2^8.3^8.4^8.5^8.6 Bown. D. Encyclopaedia of Herbs and their Uses. Dorling Kindersley, London. ISBN 0-7513-020-31 (32202/01/01)
? ^9.0^9.1 Harrington. H. D. Edible Native Plants of the Rocky Mountains. University of New Mexico Press ISBN 0-8623-0343-9 (32202/01/01)
? ^10.0^10.1 Grae. I. Nature's Colors - Dyes from Plants. MacMillan Publishing Co. New York. ISBN 0-02-544950-8 (32202/01/01)
? ^11.0^11.1 Usher. G. A Dictionary of Plants Used by Man. Constable ISBN 0094579202 (32202/01/01)
? ^12.0^12.1^12.2^12.3^12.4^12.5^12.6^12.7 Grieve. A Modern Herbal. Penguin ISBN 0-14-046-440-9 (32202/01/01)
? ^13.0^13.1^13.2^13.3^13.4^13.5^13.6 Duke. J. A. and Ayensu. E. S. Medicinal Plants of China Reference Publications, Inc. ISBN 0-917256-20-4 (32202/01/01)
? ^14.0^14.1^14.2^14.3^14.4^14.5^14.6^14.7^14.8^14.9 Chevallier. A. The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants Dorling Kindersley. London ISBN 9-780751-303148 (32202/01/01)
? ^15.0^15.1 Chancellor. P. M. Handbook of the Bach Flower Remedies C. W. Daniel Co. Ltd. ISBN 85207 002 0 (32202/01/01)
? ^16.0^16.1 Chopra. R. N., Nayar. S. L. and Chopra. I. C. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants (Including the Supplement). Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi. (32202/01/01)
? ^17.0^17.1 Stuart. Rev. G. A. Chinese Materia Medica. Taipei. Southern Materials Centre ()
? ^18.0^18.1^18.2^18.3^18.4^18.5 Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press ISBN 0-333-47494-5 (32202/01/01)
? Bianchini. F., Corbetta. F. and Pistoia. M. Fruits of the Earth. ()
? Grey-Wilson. C. & Matthews. V. Gardening on Walls Collins ISBN 0-00-219220-0 (32202/01/01)
? Genders. R. Scented Flora of the World. Robert Hale. London. ISBN 0-7090-5440-8 (32202/01/01)
? ^22.0^22.1 Allardice.P. A - Z of Companion Planting. Cassell Publishers Ltd. ISBN 0-304-34324-2 (32202/01/01)
? ^23.0^23.1 Thomas. G. S. Ornamental Shrubs, Climbers and Bamboos. Murray ISBN 0-7195-5043-2 (32202/01/01)
? Clapham, Tootin and Warburg. Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press (32202/01/01)

"image:Ripatella 4644.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.

[PFAFimport-1-1] ? ^1.0^1.1^1.2 F. Chittendon. RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956 Oxford University Press (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-2-2] ? ^2.0^2.1 Hedrick. U. P. Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World. Dover Publications ISBN 0-486-20459-6 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-11-3] ? ^3.0^3.1^3.2^3.3 Bean. W. Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement. Murray (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-46-4] ? ^4.0^4.1^4.2^4.3^4.4 Uphof. J. C. Th. Dictionary of Economic Plants. Weinheim (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-183-5] ? ^5.0^5.1^5.2^5.3^5.4^5.5^5.6 Facciola. S. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications ISBN 0-9628087-0-9 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-55-6] ? ^6.0^6.1 Harris. B. C. Eat the Weeds. Pivot Health (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-7-7] ? ^7.0^7.1^7.2^7.3^7.4^7.5^7.6^7.7^7.8^7.9 Chiej. R. Encyclopaedia of Medicinal Plants. MacDonald ISBN 0-356-10541-5 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-238-8] ? ^8.0^8.1^8.2^8.3^8.4^8.5^8.6 Bown. D. Encyclopaedia of Herbs and their Uses. Dorling Kindersley, London. ISBN 0-7513-020-31 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-85-9] ? ^9.0^9.1 Harrington. H. D. Edible Native Plants of the Rocky Mountains. University of New Mexico Press ISBN 0-8623-0343-9 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-168-10] ? ^10.0^10.1 Grae. I. Nature's Colors - Dyes from Plants. MacMillan Publishing Co. New York. ISBN 0-02-544950-8 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-61-11] ? ^11.0^11.1 Usher. G. A Dictionary of Plants Used by Man. Constable ISBN 0094579202 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-4-12] ? ^12.0^12.1^12.2^12.3^12.4^12.5^12.6^12.7 Grieve. A Modern Herbal. Penguin ISBN 0-14-046-440-9 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-218-13] ? ^13.0^13.1^13.2^13.3^13.4^13.5^13.6 Duke. J. A. and Ayensu. E. S. Medicinal Plants of China Reference Publications, Inc. ISBN 0-917256-20-4 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-254-14] ? ^14.0^14.1^14.2^14.3^14.4^14.5^14.6^14.7^14.8^14.9 Chevallier. A. The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants Dorling Kindersley. London ISBN 9-780751-303148 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-209-15] ? ^15.0^15.1 Chancellor. P. M. Handbook of the Bach Flower Remedies C. W. Daniel Co. Ltd. ISBN 85207 002 0 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-240-16] ? ^16.0^16.1 Chopra. R. N., Nayar. S. L. and Chopra. I. C. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants (Including the Supplement). Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi. (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-178-17] ? ^17.0^17.1 Stuart. Rev. G. A. Chinese Materia Medica. Taipei. Southern Materials Centre ()

[PFAFimport-200-18] ? ^18.0^18.1^18.2^18.3^18.4^18.5 Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press ISBN 0-333-47494-5 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-132-19] ? Bianchini. F., Corbetta. F. and Pistoia. M. Fruits of the Earth. ()

[PFAFimport-219-20] ? Grey-Wilson. C. & Matthews. V. Gardening on Walls Collins ISBN 0-00-219220-0 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-245-21] ? Genders. R. Scented Flora of the World. Robert Hale. London. ISBN 0-7090-5440-8 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-201-22] ? ^22.0^22.1 Allardice.P. A - Z of Companion Planting. Cassell Publishers Ltd. ISBN 0-304-34324-2 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-182-23] ? ^23.0^23.1 Thomas. G. S. Ornamental Shrubs, Climbers and Bamboos. Murray ISBN 0-7195-5043-2 (32202/01/01)

[PFAFimport-17-24] ? Clapham, Tootin and Warburg. Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press (32202/01/01)

[14]

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[7]

[13]

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[18]

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[5]

[3]

[20]

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Article is incomplete	Yes +
Article requires citations	Yes +
Article requires cleanup	No +
Belongs to family	Vitaceae +
Belongs to genus	Vitis +
Can be grown from cutting type	Hard wood +
Has common name	Grape +
Has crop	Fruit +
Has drought tolerance	Intolerant +
Has edible part	Fruit +, Flowers +, Leaves +, Seeds +, Shoots + and Sap +
Has edible use	Fresh +, Dried +, Alcohol +, Drink +, Sweetener +, Cooked +, Vegetable +, Oil + and Coffee substitute +
Has flowers of type	Hermaphrodite +
Has growth rate	Vigorous +
Has hardiness zone	6 +
Has image	Ripatella 4644.jpg +
Has material part	Leaves +, Fruit +, Seeds + and Wood +
Has material use	Dye +, Baking +, Oil +, Timber + and Fuel +
Has mature height	15 +
Has medicinal part	Fruit +, Flowers +, Leaves +, Sap + and Unknown part +
Has medicinal use	Antilithic +, Constructive +, Cooling +, Diuretic +, Bach +, Anti-inflammatory +, Astringent +, Stomachic +, Demulcent +, Expectorant +, Laxative +, Hepatic +, Lithontripic + and Skin +
Has primary image	Ripatella 4644.jpg +
Has search name	vitis vinifera + and x +
Has seed requiring scarification	No +
Has seed requiring stratification	Yes +
Has shade tolerance	Light shade +
Has soil ph preference	Acid +, Neutral + and Alkaline +
Has soil teclayture preference	Clay +
Has soil teloamyture preference	Loamy +
Has soil tesandyture preference	Sandy +
Has soil water retention preference	Well drained +
Has sun preference	Full sun +
Has taxonomy name	Vitis vinifera +
Has water requirements	moderate +
Inhabits ecosystem niche	Climber +
Is grown from	Seeds +, Cutting + and Layering +
Is taxonomy type	Species +
Tolerates air pollution	No +
Tolerates maritime exposure	No +
Tolerates nutritionally poor soil	No +
Tolerates wind	No +

Uses

Edible uses

Fruit

Fresh, Dried

Alcohol, Juice, Drink, Sweetener

Flowers

Fresh, Cooked, Vegetable

Leaves

Seed

Shoots

Fresh, Cooked, Vegetable

Sap

Material uses

Leaves

Fruit

Seed

Wood

Timber, Fuel

Medicinal uses(Warning!)

Fruit

Antilithic, Constructive, Cooling, Diuretic

Demulcent, Expectorant, Laxative, Stomachic

Flowers

Leaves

Anti-inflammatory, Astringent, Stomachic

Sap

Unknown part

Ecology

Ecosystem niche/layer

Ecological Functions

Forage

Shelter

Propagation

Seed

Rooted cuttings

Cultivation

Crops

Fruit

Harvest

Problems, pests & diseases

Associations & Interactions

Polycultures & Guilds

Descendants

Cultivars

Varieties

Subspecies

Full Data

References

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