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Pinus mugo
  • Dwarf Mountain Pine

a perennial woody evergreen member of the Pinus genus in the family Pinaceae.

248px
Niche
  • Soil surface
    Soil surface
    There are no details available for this niche.
Functions
  • Ground cover
    Ground cover
    There are no details available for this function.
  • Windbreak
    Windbreak
    There are no details available for this function.
  • Earth stabiliser
    Earth stabiliser
    There are no details available for this function.
Light
  • Full sun
    Full sun
    The amount of sun exposure that a plant prefers in ideal conditions.
    Key
  • no shade
    No shade
    The amount of shade a plant will tolerate without adverse health affects.
    Key
Water
  • Water Requirementsmoderate
    Moderate
    The amount of water a plant needs for healthy growth, relative to other plants.
    Key
Soil
  • acid,neutral
    Acid to Neutral
    The PH range (acidity or alkilinity) of the growth medium ideal for healthy nutrient absorbtion.
    Key
  • Sandy to Loamy
    The soil texture this plant prefers for optimal growth.
    Key
Cold & Heat
  • 3
    Zone 3
    The USDA Hardiness scale assigns plants a number from 1 to 12 representing the minimum temperature a plant can survive.
    Key
    0< -53.9ºC< -65ºF
    1-51.1ºC-60ºF
    2-45.6ºC-50F
    3-40ºC-40ºF
    4-34.4ºC-30ºF
    5-28.9ºC-20ºF
    6-23.3ºC-10ºF
    7-17.8ºC0ºF
    8-12.2C10ºF
    9-6.7ºC20ºF
    10-1.1ºC30ºF
    114.4ºC40ºF
    12> 10ºC> 5ºF
  • ?
    Unknown
    The AHS Heat scale assigns plants a number from 1 to 12 representing the number of days per year a plant requires a temperature exceeding 30ºC (86ºF).
    Key
    11
    21 - 7
    38 - 14
    415 - 30
    531 - 45
    646 - 60
    761 - 90
    891 - 120
    9121 - 150
    10151 - 180
    11181 - 210
    12181 - 210
Pinus mugo has 0 edible uses listed
Pinus mugo has 0 material uses listed
Pinus mugo has 0 medicinal uses listed

Uses

Toxic parts

The wood, sawdust and resins from various species of pine can cause dermatitis in sensitive people[1].

Edible uses

Notes

A vanillin flavouring is obtained as a by-product of other resins that are released from the pulpwood[2].

Unknown part

Condiment

Material uses

A tan or green dye is obtained from the needles[3].

The needles contain a substance called terpene, this is released when rain washes over the needles and it has a negative effect on the germination of some plants, including wheat[4]. Trees are sometimes planted as a shelterbelt at high altitudes[5]. There are a number of dwarf forms that are very useful for covering dry slopes and mounds[6]. An essential oil obtained from the young twigs is used medicinally and also in woody perfumeries[7][8][9]. Trees are planted for sand binding and shelter in N. Europe[10]. Oleo-resins are present in the tissues of all species of pines, but these are often not present in sufficient quantity to make their extraction economically worthwhile[11]. The resins are obtained by tapping the trunk, or by destructive distillation of the wood[12][11]. In general, trees from warmer areas of distribution give the higher yields[11]. Turpentine consists of an average of 20% of the oleo-resin[11] and is separated by distillation[12][11]. Turpentine has a wide range of uses including as a solvent for waxes etc, for making varnish, medicinal etc[12]. Rosin is the substance left after turpentine is removed. This is used by violinists on their bows and also in making sealing wax, varnish etc[12]. Pitch can also be obtained from the resin and is used for waterproofing, as a wood preservative etc.

Wood - used to make shoes etc[8][9].

Unknown part

Dye
Essential
Herbicide
Wood

Medicinal uses(Warning!)

The turpentine obtained from the resin of all pine trees is antiseptic, diuretic, rubefacient and vermifuge[12]. It is a valuable remedy used internally in the treatment of kidney and bladder complaints and is used both internally and as a rub and steam bath in the treatment of rheumatic affections[12]. It is also very beneficial to the respiratory system and so is useful in treating diseases of the mucous membranes and respiratory complaints such as coughs, colds, influenza and TB[12]. Externally it is a very beneficial treatment for a variety of skin complaints, wounds, sores, burns, boils etc and is used in the form of liniment plasters, poultices, herbal steam baths and inhalers[12]. The apical branches are antiasthmatic, balsamic, cardiotonic and expectorant[7][9]. When distilled, the leaves and branches yield an essential oil that is commonly used in pharmaceutical balsamic preparations because of its antiseptic and expectorant qualities[7]. It is used internally and externally in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, chronic bronchitis, catarrh and asthma[13]. It is used externally to treat rheumatism and muscular stiffness[13].

Unknown part

Antiasthmatic
Balsamic
Cardiotonic
Expectorant

Ecology

Ecosystem niche/layer

Soil surface

Ecological Functions

Ground cover


Windbreak


Earth stabiliser

Forage

Nothing listed.

Shelter

Nothing listed.

Propagation

It is best to sow the seed in individual pots in a cold frame as soon as it is ripe if this is possible otherwise in late winter. A short stratification of 6 weeks at 4°c can improve the germination of stored seed[14]. Plant seedlings out into their permanent positions as soon as possible and protect them for their first winter or two[6]. Plants have a very sparse root system and the sooner they are planted into their permanent positions the better they will grow[K]. Trees should be planted into their permanent positions when they are quite small, between 30 and 90cm[2]. We actually plant them out when they are about 5 - 10cm tall. So long as they are given a very good weed-excluding mulch they establish very well[K]. Larger trees will check badly and hardly put on any growth for several years. This also badly affects root development and wind resistance[2]. Cuttings. This method only works when taken from very young trees less than 10 years old. Use single leaf fascicles with the base of the short shoot. Disbudding the shoots some weeks before taking the cuttings can help. Cuttings are normally slow to grow away[15].

Practical Plants is currently lacking information on propagation instructions of Pinus mugo. Help us fill in the blanks! Edit this page to add your knowledge.



Cultivation

Thrives in a light well-drained sandy or gravelly loam[16][6]. Dislikes poorly drained moorland soils[16]. Established plants tolerate drought[2]. Thrives in the poorest of soils[6][2]. Tolerates strong winds[15], including maritime exposure[2].

A polymorphic species, there are many named varieties[6]. Plants are strongly outbreeding, self-fertilized seed usually grows poorly[2]. They hybridize freely with other members of this genus[2]. There are some named forms selected for their ornamental value[17]. Unlike most species of pine. this tree transplants well[6]. Leaf secretions inhibit the germination of seeds, thereby reducing the amount of plants that can grow under the trees[18].

Plants in this genus are notably susceptible to honey fungus[2].

Crops

Problems, pests & diseases

Associations & Interactions

There are no interactions listed for Pinus mugo. Do you know of an interaction that should be listed here? edit this page to add it.

Polycultures & Guilds

There are no polycultures listed which include Pinus mugo.

Descendants

Cultivars

Varieties

None listed.

Subspecies

None listed.

Full Data

This table shows all the data stored for this plant.

Taxonomy
Binomial name
Pinus mugo
Genus
Pinus
Family
Pinaceae
Imported References
Edible uses
[2]
Medicinal uses
[12][7][9][13]
Material uses & Functions
[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
Botanic
[6][10][2]
Propagation
Cultivation
Environment
Cultivation
Uses
Edible uses
None listed.
Material uses
None listed.
Medicinal uses
None listed.
Functions & Nature
Functions
Ground cover, Windbreak, Earth stabiliser
Provides forage for
Provides shelter for
Environment
Hardiness Zone
3
Heat Zone
?
Water
moderate
Sun
full sun
Shade
no shade
Soil PH
acid, neutral
Soil Texture
sandy, loamy
Soil Water Retention
well drained
Environmental Tolerances
  • Drought
  • Strong wind
  • Maritime exposure
Ecosystems
Native Climate Zones
None listed.
Adapted Climate Zones
None listed.
Native Geographical Range
None listed.
Native Environment
None listed.
Ecosystem Niche
Soil surface
Root Zone Tendancy
None listed.
Life
Deciduous or Evergreen
evergreen
Herbaceous or Woody
woody
Life Cycle
perennial
Growth Rate
?
Mature Size
4.5 x 8 meters
Fertility
self sterile
Pollinators
Wind
Flower Colour
?
Flower Type
monoecious

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"image:Pinus mugo cone 02.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki. "image:Pinus mugo cone 02.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.


"image:Pinus mugo cone 02.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.

"image:Pinus mugo cone 02.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.

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References

  1. ? Foster. S. & Duke. J. A. A Field Guide to Medicinal Plants. Eastern and Central N. America. Houghton Mifflin Co. ISBN 0395467225 (1990-00-00)
  2. ? 2.002.012.022.032.042.052.062.072.082.092.10 Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press ISBN 0-333-47494-5 (1992-00-00)
  3. ? 3.03.1 Grae. I. Nature's Colors - Dyes from Plants. MacMillan Publishing Co. New York. ISBN 0-02-544950-8 (1974-00-00)
  4. ? 4.04.1 Allardice.P. A - Z of Companion Planting. Cassell Publishers Ltd. ISBN 0-304-34324-2 (1993-00-00)
  5. ? 5.05.1 Mitchell. A. F. Conifers in the British Isles. HMSO ISBN 0-11-710012-9 (1975-00-00)
  6. ? 6.06.16.26.36.46.56.66.7 Bean. W. Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement. Murray (1981-00-00)
  7. ? 7.07.17.27.37.4 Chiej. R. Encyclopaedia of Medicinal Plants. MacDonald ISBN 0-356-10541-5 (1984-00-00)
  8. ? 8.08.18.2 Uphof. J. C. Th. Dictionary of Economic Plants. Weinheim (1959-00-00)
  9. ? 9.09.19.29.39.4 Usher. G. A Dictionary of Plants Used by Man. Constable ISBN 0094579202 (1974-00-00)
  10. ? 10.010.110.2 ? Flora Europaea Cambridge University Press (1964-00-00)
  11. ? 11.011.111.211.311.411.5 Howes. F. N. Vegetable Gums and Resins. Faber ()
  12. ? 12.012.112.212.312.412.512.612.712.812.9 Grieve. A Modern Herbal. Penguin ISBN 0-14-046-440-9 (1984-00-00)
  13. ? 13.013.113.2 Bown. D. Encyclopaedia of Herbs and their Uses. Dorling Kindersley, London. ISBN 0-7513-020-31 (1995-00-00)
  14. ? McMillan-Browse. P. Hardy Woody Plants from Seed. Grower Books ISBN 0-901361-21-6 (1985-00-00)
  15. ? 15.015.1 Rushforth. K. Conifers. Christopher Helm ISBN 0-7470-2801-X (1987-00-00)
  16. ? 16.016.1 F. Chittendon. RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956 Oxford University Press (1951-00-00)
  17. ? Brickell. C. The RHS Gardener's Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers Dorling Kindersley Publishers Ltd. ISBN 0-86318-386-7 (1990-00-00)
  18. ? Philbrick H. and Gregg R. B. Companion Plants. Watkins (1979-00-00)

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"image:Pinus mugo cone 02.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.

Retrieved from "https://practicalplants.org/w/index.php?title=Pinus_mugo&oldid=79408"
Facts about "Pinus mugo"RDF feed
Article is incompleteYes +
Article requires citationsNo +
Article requires cleanupYes +
Belongs to familyPinaceae +
Belongs to genusPinus +
Functions asGround cover +, Windbreak + and Earth stabiliser +
Has common nameDwarf Mountain Pine +
Has drought toleranceTolerant +
Has edible partUnknown part +
Has edible useSeasoning +
Has environmental toleranceMaritime exposure +, High wind + and Drought +
Has fertility typeSelf sterile + and Wind +
Has flowers of typeMonoecious +
Has hardiness zone3 +
Has imagePinus mugo cone 02.jpg +
Has lifecycle typePerennial +
Has material partUnknown part +
Has material useDye +, Essential +, Herbicide + and Wood +
Has mature height4.5 +
Has mature width8 +
Has medicinal partUnknown part +
Has medicinal useAntiasthmatic +, Balsamic +, Cardiotonic + and Expectorant +
Has primary imagePinus mugo cone 02.jpg +
Has search namepinus mugo + and x +
Has shade toleranceNo shade +
Has soil ph preferenceAcid + and Neutral +
Has soil teloamyture preferenceLoamy +
Has soil tesandyture preferenceSandy +
Has soil water retention preferenceWell drained +
Has sun preferenceFull sun +
Has taxonomy namePinus mugo +
Has water requirementsmoderate +
Inhabits ecosystem nicheSoil surface +
Is deciduous or evergreenEvergreen +
Is herbaceous or woodyWoody +
Is taxonomy typeSpecies +
Tolerates maritime exposureYes +
Tolerates nutritionally poor soilNo +
Tolerates windYes +
Uses mature size measurement unitMeters +