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Echinochloa crus-galli
  • Barnyard Millet

an annual member of the Echinochloa genus in the family Gramineae.

248px
Niche
  • Unknown
    Unknown
    The ecosystem niches for this plant are unknown. Do you know them? Click the edit button to add them!
Functions
  • Soil builder
    Soil builder
    There are no details available for this function.
Light
  • Full sun
    Full sun
    The amount of sun exposure that a plant prefers in ideal conditions.
    Key
  • no shade
    No shade
    The amount of shade a plant will tolerate without adverse health affects.
    Key
Water
  • Water Requirementsmoderate
    Moderate
    The amount of water a plant needs for healthy growth, relative to other plants.
    Key
Soil
  • acid,neutral,alkaline,very alkaline
    Acid to Very alkaline
    The PH range (acidity or alkilinity) of the growth medium ideal for healthy nutrient absorbtion.
    Key
  • Sandy to Clay
    The soil texture this plant prefers for optimal growth.
    Key
Cold & Heat
  • 6
    Zone 6
    The USDA Hardiness scale assigns plants a number from 1 to 12 representing the minimum temperature a plant can survive.
    Key
    0< -53.9ºC< -65ºF
    1-51.1ºC-60ºF
    2-45.6ºC-50F
    3-40ºC-40ºF
    4-34.4ºC-30ºF
    5-28.9ºC-20ºF
    6-23.3ºC-10ºF
    7-17.8ºC0ºF
    8-12.2C10ºF
    9-6.7ºC20ºF
    10-1.1ºC30ºF
    114.4ºC40ºF
    12> 10ºC> 5ºF
  • ?
    Unknown
    The AHS Heat scale assigns plants a number from 1 to 12 representing the number of days per year a plant requires a temperature exceeding 30ºC (86ºF).
    Key
    11
    21 - 7
    38 - 14
    415 - 30
    531 - 45
    646 - 60
    761 - 90
    891 - 120
    9121 - 150
    10151 - 180
    11181 - 210
    12181 - 210
Echinochloa crus-galli has 0 edible uses listed
Echinochloa crus-galli has 0 medicinal uses listed

Uses

Toxic parts

This grass has been reported to accumulate levels of nitrate in its tissues high enough to be toxic to farm animals[1]. This problem is most likely to occur when plants are fed with inorganic fertilizers[K].

Edible uses

Notes

Seed - cooked[2][3][4][5]. Used as a millet, it can be cooked whole or be ground into a flour before use[6][7]. It has a good flavour[8] and can be used in porridges, macaroni, dumplings etc[6]. The seed is rather small[9], though fairly easy to harvest. It has a somewhat bitter flavour[10].

Young shoots, stem tips and the heart of the culm - raw or cooked[11][12]. A nutritional analysis is available[13].

The roasted seed is a coffee substitute[12].

Unknown part

Coffee

Leaves

Unknown use

Seed

Unknown use

Material uses

The plant is sometimes used, especially in Egypt, for the reclamation of saline and alkaline areas[1].
There are no material uses listed for Echinochloa crus-galli.

Medicinal uses(Warning!)

Reported to be preventative and tonic, barnyard grass is a folk remedy for treating carbuncles, haemorrhages, sores, spleen trouble, cancer and wounds[1].

The shoots and/or the roots are applied as a styptic to wounds[13][14].

The plant is a tonic, acting on the spleen[13][14].

Unknown part

Styptic
Tonic

Ecology

Ecosystem niche/layer

Ecological Functions

Soil builder

Forage

Nothing listed.

Shelter

Nothing listed.

Propagation

Seed - sow early spring in a greenhouse and only just cover the seed. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and plant them out into their permanent positions in early summer. A sowing in situ in late spring might also succeed but is unlikely to ripen a crop of seed if the summer is cool and wet.

Practical Plants is currently lacking information on propagation instructions of Echinochloa crus-galli. Help us fill in the blanks! Edit this page to add your knowledge.



Cultivation

An easily grown plant, it is adapted to nearly all types of wet places, and is often a common weed in paddy fields, roadsides, cultivated areas, and fallow fields[1]. It succeeds on a variety of wet sites such as ditches, low areas in fertile croplands and wet wastes, often growing in water[1]. It succeeds in cool regions, but is better adapted to areas where the average annual temperature is 14-16°C[1]. Tolerant of most soil types, including saline conditions, plants are not restricted by soil pH[1]. Prefers a rich moist soil[8] but succeeds in ordinary garden soil[15]. The sub-species E. crus-galli zelayensis (HBK)Hitchc. is often found growing wild in alkaline soils[16]. The plant is reported to tolerate an annual precipitation in the range of 31 to 250cm, an annual temperature range of 5.7 to 27.8°C and a pH in the range of 4.8 to 8.2[1].

Barnyard millet is sometimes cultivated for its edible seed in India[5]. It has a relatively long growing season and does not always ripen its seed in Britain, though it should do better in the eastern half of the country[K].

The plant is considered to be a very serious weed of many cultivated crops[1].

Crops

Problems, pests & diseases

Associations & Interactions

There are no interactions listed for Echinochloa crus-galli. Do you know of an interaction that should be listed here? edit this page to add it.

Polycultures & Guilds

There are no polycultures listed which include Echinochloa crus-galli.

Descendants

Cultivars

Varieties

None listed.

Subspecies

None listed.

Full Data

This table shows all the data stored for this plant.

Taxonomy
Binomial name
Echinochloa crus-galli
Genus
Echinochloa
Family
Gramineae
Imported References
Edible uses
[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]
Medicinal uses
[1][13][14]
Material uses & Functions
[1]
Botanic
[17][18][16]
Propagation
Cultivation
Environment
Cultivation
Uses
Edible uses
None listed.
Material uses
None listed.
Medicinal uses
None listed.
Functions & Nature
Functions
Soil builder
Provides forage for
Provides shelter for
Environment
Hardiness Zone
6
Heat Zone
?
Water
moderate
Sun
full sun
Shade
no shade
Soil PH
acid, neutral, alkaline, very alkaline
Soil Texture
sandy, loamy, clay
Soil Water Retention
well drained
Environmental Tolerances
  • Strong wind
Ecosystems
Native Climate Zones
None listed.
Adapted Climate Zones
None listed.
Native Geographical Range
None listed.
Native Environment
None listed.
Ecosystem Niche
None listed.
Root Zone Tendancy
None listed.
Life
Deciduous or Evergreen
?
Herbaceous or Woody
?
Life Cycle
annual
Growth Rate
?
Mature Size
1.2 x 0.15 meters
Fertility
?
Pollinators
Wind
Flower Colour
?
Flower Type
hermaphrodite

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"image:Echinochloa crus-galli01.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki. "image:Echinochloa crus-galli01.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.


"image:Echinochloa crus-galli01.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.

"image:Echinochloa crus-galli01.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.

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References

  1. ? 1.001.011.021.031.041.051.061.071.081.091.10 Duke. J. Handbook of Energy Crops - (1983-00-00)
  2. ? 2.02.1 The Herb Society Herbal Review. Vol.11. 4. The Herb Society ISBN 0264-9853 (1986-00-00)
  3. ? 3.03.1 Harris. B. C. Eat the Weeds. Pivot Health (1973-00-00)
  4. ? 4.04.1 Tanaka. T. Tanaka's Cyclopaedia of Edible Plants of the World. Keigaku Publishing (1976-00-00)
  5. ? 5.05.15.2 Hill. A. F. Economic Botany. The Maple Press (1952-00-00)
  6. ? 6.06.16.2 Facciola. S. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications ISBN 0-9628087-0-9 (1990-00-00)
  7. ? 7.07.1 Moerman. D. Native American Ethnobotany Timber Press. Oregon. ISBN 0-88192-453-9 (1998-00-00)
  8. ? 8.08.18.2 Harrington. H. D. Edible Native Plants of the Rocky Mountains. University of New Mexico Press ISBN 0-8623-0343-9 (1967-00-00)
  9. ? 9.09.1 McPherson. A. and S. Wild Food Plants of Indiana. Indiana University Press ISBN 0-253-28925-4 (1977-00-00)
  10. ? 10.010.1 Stuart. Rev. G. A. Chinese Materia Medica. Taipei. Southern Materials Centre ()
  11. ? 11.011.1 Cribb. A. B. and J. W. Wild Food in Australia. Fontana ISBN 0-00-634436-4 (1976-00-00)
  12. ? 12.012.112.2 Kunkel. G. Plants for Human Consumption. Koeltz Scientific Books ISBN 3874292169 (1984-00-00)
  13. ? 13.013.113.213.313.4 Duke. J. A. and Ayensu. E. S. Medicinal Plants of China Reference Publications, Inc. ISBN 0-917256-20-4 (1985-00-00)
  14. ? 14.014.114.2 Chopra. R. N., Nayar. S. L. and Chopra. I. C. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants (Including the Supplement). Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi. (1986-00-00)
  15. ? F. Chittendon. RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956 Oxford University Press (1951-00-00)
  16. ? 16.016.1 Hitchcock. A. S. Manual of the Grasses of the United States Dover Publications. New York. ISBN 0-486-22717-0 (1971-00-00)
  17. ? ? Flora Europaea Cambridge University Press (1964-00-00)
  18. ? Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named PFAFimport-200

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Facts about "Echinochloa crus-galli"RDF feed
Article is incompleteYes +
Article requires citationsNo +
Article requires cleanupYes +
Belongs to familyGramineae +
Belongs to genusEchinochloa +
Functions asSoil builder +
Has common nameBarnyard Millet +
Has drought toleranceIntolerant +
Has edible partUnknown part +, Leaves + and Seeds +
Has edible useCoffee substitute + and Unknown use +
Has environmental toleranceHigh wind +
Has fertility typeWind +
Has flowers of typeHermaphrodite +
Has hardiness zone6 +
Has imageEchinochloa crus-galli01.jpg +
Has lifecycle typeAnnual +
Has mature height1.2 +
Has mature width0.15 +
Has medicinal partUnknown part +
Has medicinal useStyptic + and Tonic +
Has primary imageEchinochloa crus-galli01.jpg +
Has search nameechinochloa crus-galli + and x +
Has shade toleranceNo shade +
Has soil ph preferenceAcid +, Neutral +, Alkaline + and Very alkaline +
Has soil teclayture preferenceClay +
Has soil teloamyture preferenceLoamy +
Has soil tesandyture preferenceSandy +
Has soil water retention preferenceWell drained +
Has sun preferenceFull sun +
Has taxonomy nameEchinochloa crus-galli +
Has water requirementsmoderate +
Is taxonomy typeSpecies +
Tolerates nutritionally poor soilNo +
Tolerates windYes +
Uses mature size measurement unitMeters +