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Amaranthus retroflexus
  • Pigweed

an annual member of the Amaranthus genus in the family Amaranthaceae.

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Niche
  • Unknown
    Unknown
    The ecosystem niches for this plant are unknown. Do you know them? Click the edit button to add them!
Functions
  • None
    None
    There are no functions defined for this plant. Do you know of some? Click the edit button to add them!
Light
  • Full sun
    Full sun
    The amount of sun exposure that a plant prefers in ideal conditions.
    Key
  • no shade
    No shade
    The amount of shade a plant will tolerate without adverse health affects.
    Key
Water
  • Water Requirementsmoderate
    Moderate
    The amount of water a plant needs for healthy growth, relative to other plants.
    Key
Soil
  • acid,neutral,alkaline
    Acid to Alkaline
    The PH range (acidity or alkilinity) of the growth medium ideal for healthy nutrient absorbtion.
    Key
  • Sandy to Clay
    The soil texture this plant prefers for optimal growth.
    Key
Cold & Heat
  • ?
    Unknown
    The USDA Hardiness scale assigns plants a number from 1 to 12 representing the minimum temperature a plant can survive.
    Key
    0< -53.9ºC< -65ºF
    1-51.1ºC-60ºF
    2-45.6ºC-50F
    3-40ºC-40ºF
    4-34.4ºC-30ºF
    5-28.9ºC-20ºF
    6-23.3ºC-10ºF
    7-17.8ºC0ºF
    8-12.2C10ºF
    9-6.7ºC20ºF
    10-1.1ºC30ºF
    114.4ºC40ºF
    12> 10ºC> 5ºF
  • ?
    Unknown
    The AHS Heat scale assigns plants a number from 1 to 12 representing the number of days per year a plant requires a temperature exceeding 30ºC (86ºF).
    Key
    11
    21 - 7
    38 - 14
    415 - 30
    531 - 45
    646 - 60
    761 - 90
    891 - 120
    9121 - 150
    10151 - 180
    11181 - 210
    12181 - 210
Amaranthus retroflexus has 0 edible uses listed
Amaranthus retroflexus has 0 material uses listed
Amaranthus retroflexus has 0 medicinal uses listed

Uses

Toxic parts

No members of this genus are known to be poisonous, but when grown on nitrogen-rich soils they are known to concentrate nitrates in the leaves. This is especially noticeable on land where chemical fertilizers are used. Nitrates are implicated in stomach cancers, blue babies and some other health problems. It is inadvisable, therefore, to eat this plant if it is grown inorganically.

Edible uses

Notes

Young leaves - raw or cooked as a spinach[1][2][3][4][5]. A mild flavour, it is often mixed with stronger flavoured leaves[6]. Very rich in iron, it is also a good source of vitamins A and C[7]. Seed - raw or cooked[1][8][9][4]. Ground into a powder and used as a cereal substitute[2], it can also be sprouted and added to salads. The seed is very small but easy to harvest and very nutritious. The flavour is greatly improved by roasting the seed before grinding it[6]. It is often added to maize meal[6]. The seed can be cooked whole, and becomes very gelatinous like this, but it is rather difficult to crush all of the small seeds in the mouth and thus some of the seed will pass right through the digestive system without being assimilated[K].

Leaves

Unknown use

Seed

Unknown use

Material uses

Yellow and green dyes can be obtained from the whole plant[10].

Unknown part

Dye

Medicinal uses(Warning!)

A tea made from the leaves is astringent[11]. It is used in the treatment of profuse menstruation, intestinal bleeding, diarrhoea etc[11][12][13]. An infusion has been used to treat hoarseness[13].

Unknown part

Astringent

Ecology

Ecosystem niche/layer

Ecological Functions

Nothing listed.

Forage

Nothing listed.

Shelter

Nothing listed.

Propagation

Seed - sow late spring in situ. An earlier sowing can be made in a greenhouse and the plants put out after the last expected frosts. Germination is usually rapid and good if the soil is warm[14]. A drop in temperature overnight aids germination[14]. Cuttings of growing plants root easily[15].

Practical Plants is currently lacking information on propagation instructions of Amaranthus retroflexus. Help us fill in the blanks! Edit this page to add your knowledge.



Cultivation

Prefers a well-drained fertile soil in a sunny position[16]. Requires a hot sheltered position if it is to do well[K].

Plants should not be given inorganic fertilizers, see notes above on toxicity. A good companion for potatoes, onions, corn, tomatoes, peppers and aubergines[17][7]. A deep rooted plant, bringing up minerals from lower levels of the soil[7]. Formerly cultivated as a food crop by the N. American Indians[4].

Most if not all members of this genus photosynthesize by a more efficient method than most plants. Called the 'C4 carbon-fixation pathway', this process is particularly efficient at high temperatures, in bright sunlight and under dry conditions[18].

Crops

Problems, pests & diseases

Associations & Interactions

There are no interactions listed for Amaranthus retroflexus. Do you know of an interaction that should be listed here? edit this page to add it.

Polycultures & Guilds

There are no polycultures listed which include Amaranthus retroflexus.

Descendants

Cultivars

Varieties

None listed.

Subspecies

None listed.

Full Data

This table shows all the data stored for this plant.

Taxonomy
Binomial name
Amaranthus retroflexus
Genus
Amaranthus
Family
Amaranthaceae
Imported References
Edible uses
[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
Medicinal uses
[11][12][13]
Material uses & Functions
[10]
Botanic
[19]
Propagation
Cultivation
Environment
Cultivation
Uses
Edible uses
None listed.
Material uses
None listed.
Medicinal uses
None listed.
Functions & Nature
Functions
Provides forage for
Provides shelter for
Environment
Hardiness Zone
?
Heat Zone
?
Water
moderate
Sun
full sun
Shade
no shade
Soil PH
acid, neutral, alkaline
Soil Texture
sandy, loamy, clay
Soil Water Retention
well drained
Environmental Tolerances
    Ecosystems
    Native Climate Zones
    None listed.
    Adapted Climate Zones
    None listed.
    Native Geographical Range
    None listed.
    Native Environment
    None listed.
    Ecosystem Niche
    None listed.
    Root Zone Tendancy
    None listed.
    Life
    Deciduous or Evergreen
    ?
    Herbaceous or Woody
    ?
    Life Cycle
    annual
    Growth Rate
    ?
    Mature Size
    0.9 x meters
    Fertility
    self fertile
    Pollinators
    Wind, Self
    Flower Colour
    ?
    Flower Type
    monoecious

    "image:Illustration Amaranthus retroflexus0.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki. "image:Illustration Amaranthus retroflexus0.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki. "image:Illustration Amaranthus retroflexus0.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.

    "image:Illustration Amaranthus retroflexus0.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki. "image:Illustration Amaranthus retroflexus0.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.


    "image:Illustration Amaranthus retroflexus0.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.


    "image:Illustration Amaranthus retroflexus0.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki., "image:Illustration Amaranthus retroflexus0.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki., "image:Illustration Amaranthus retroflexus0.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki. "image:Illustration Amaranthus retroflexus0.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki., "image:Illustration Amaranthus retroflexus0.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki., "image:Illustration Amaranthus retroflexus0.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki. "image:Illustration Amaranthus retroflexus0.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki. "image:Illustration Amaranthus retroflexus0.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.






    References

    1. ? 1.01.11.2 Hedrick. U. P. Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World. Dover Publications ISBN 0-486-20459-6 (1972-00-00)
    2. ? 2.02.12.2 Mabey. R. Food for Free. Collins ISBN 0-00-219060-5 (1974-00-00)
    3. ? 3.03.1 Elias. T. and Dykeman. P. A Field Guide to N. American Edible Wild Plants. Van Nostrand Reinhold ISBN 0442222009 (1982-00-00)
    4. ? 4.04.14.24.3 Harrington. H. D. Edible Native Plants of the Rocky Mountains. University of New Mexico Press ISBN 0-8623-0343-9 (1967-00-00)
    5. ? 5.05.1 McPherson. A. and S. Wild Food Plants of Indiana. Indiana University Press ISBN 0-253-28925-4 (1977-00-00)
    6. ? 6.06.16.26.3 Facciola. S. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications ISBN 0-9628087-0-9 (1990-00-00)
    7. ? 7.07.17.27.3 Allardice.P. A - Z of Companion Planting. Cassell Publishers Ltd. ISBN 0-304-34324-2 (1993-00-00)
    8. ? 8.08.1 Uphof. J. C. Th. Dictionary of Economic Plants. Weinheim (1959-00-00)
    9. ? 9.09.1 Usher. G. A Dictionary of Plants Used by Man. Constable ISBN 0094579202 (1974-00-00)
    10. ? 10.010.1 Grae. I. Nature's Colors - Dyes from Plants. MacMillan Publishing Co. New York. ISBN 0-02-544950-8 (1974-00-00)
    11. ? 11.011.111.2 Foster. S. & Duke. J. A. A Field Guide to Medicinal Plants. Eastern and Central N. America. Houghton Mifflin Co. ISBN 0395467225 (1990-00-00)
    12. ? 12.012.1 Bown. D. Encyclopaedia of Herbs and their Uses. Dorling Kindersley, London. ISBN 0-7513-020-31 (1995-00-00)
    13. ? 13.013.113.2 Moerman. D. Native American Ethnobotany Timber Press. Oregon. ISBN 0-88192-453-9 (1998-00-00)
    14. ? 14.014.1 Rice. G. (Editor) Growing from Seed. Volume 1. Thompson and Morgan. (1987-00-00)
    15. ? Larkcom J. Oriental Vegetables John Murray ISBN 0-7195-4781-4 (1991-00-00)
    16. ? Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press ISBN 0-333-47494-5 (1992-00-00)
    17. ? Riotte. L. Companion Planting for Successful Gardening. Garden Way, Vermont, USA. ISBN 0-88266-064-0 (1978-00-00)
    18. ? Popenoe. H. et al Lost Crops of the Incas National Academy Press ISBN 0-309-04264-X (1990-00-00)
    19. ? Clapham, Tootin and Warburg. Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press (1962-00-00)

    "image:Illustration Amaranthus retroflexus0.jpg|248px" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.

    Retrieved from "http://practicalplants.org/w/index.php?title=Amaranthus_retroflexus&oldid=74997"
    Facts about "Amaranthus retroflexus"RDF feed
    Article is incompleteYes +
    Article requires citationsNo +
    Article requires cleanupYes +
    Belongs to familyAmaranthaceae +
    Belongs to genusAmaranthus +
    Has common namePigweed +
    Has drought toleranceIntolerant +
    Has edible partLeaves + and Seeds +
    Has edible useUnknown use +
    Has fertility typeSelf fertile +, Wind + and Self +
    Has flowers of typeMonoecious +
    Has imageIllustration Amaranthus retroflexus0.jpg +
    Has lifecycle typeAnnual +
    Has material partUnknown part +
    Has material useDye +
    Has mature height0.9 +
    Has medicinal partUnknown part +
    Has medicinal useAstringent +
    Has primary imageIllustration Amaranthus retroflexus0.jpg +
    Has search nameamaranthus retroflexus + and x +
    Has shade toleranceNo shade +
    Has soil ph preferenceAcid +, Neutral + and Alkaline +
    Has soil teclayture preferenceClay +
    Has soil teloamyture preferenceLoamy +
    Has soil tesandyture preferenceSandy +
    Has soil water retention preferenceWell drained +
    Has sun preferenceFull sun +
    Has taxonomy nameAmaranthus retroflexus +
    Has water requirementsmoderate +
    Is taxonomy typeSpecies +
    Tolerates nutritionally poor soilNo +
    Uses mature size measurement unitMeters +