(Correction for import error. Changing this plant to evergreen.) |
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{{Plant | {{Plant | ||
| + | |primary image=Solanum avicular Chatswood.jpg | ||
|common=Kangaroo Apple | |common=Kangaroo Apple | ||
|binomial=Solanum aviculare | |binomial=Solanum aviculare | ||
| Line 11: | Line 12: | ||
|part used for=Miscellany | |part used for=Miscellany | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | |functions={{Plant | + | |functions={{Plant/Functions as |function=Hedge}} |
|sun=full sun | |sun=full sun | ||
|shade=no shade | |shade=no shade | ||
| Line 33: | Line 34: | ||
|material uses references=PFAFimport-157 | |material uses references=PFAFimport-157 | ||
| − | |cultivation=Succeeds in most fertile soils in a sunny position{{Ref | PFAFimport-182}}. | + | |cultivation notes= |
| + | |PFAF cultivation notes=Succeeds in most fertile soils in a sunny position{{Ref | PFAFimport-182}}. | ||
Tolerates temperatures down to at least -7°c in Australian gardens{{Ref | PFAFimport-157}} but is not very hardy in Britain. It sometimes succeeds as a shrub outdoors in the mildest areas of the country{{Ref | PFAFimport-166}} but is more usually cut to the ground by winter cold. It can, however, be grown at the foot of a warm sunny wall and be treated as a herbaceous perennial. As long as the roots are given a good mulch in autumn they should survive quite cold winters{{Ref | PFAFimport-1}}{{Ref | PFAFimport-166}}. Alternatively, it is possible to grow the plant as an annual. If the seed is sown in early spring in a warm greenhouse and planted out after the last frosts it can fruit in its first year though yields will be lower than from plants grown as perennials[K]. | Tolerates temperatures down to at least -7°c in Australian gardens{{Ref | PFAFimport-157}} but is not very hardy in Britain. It sometimes succeeds as a shrub outdoors in the mildest areas of the country{{Ref | PFAFimport-166}} but is more usually cut to the ground by winter cold. It can, however, be grown at the foot of a warm sunny wall and be treated as a herbaceous perennial. As long as the roots are given a good mulch in autumn they should survive quite cold winters{{Ref | PFAFimport-1}}{{Ref | PFAFimport-166}}. Alternatively, it is possible to grow the plant as an annual. If the seed is sown in early spring in a warm greenhouse and planted out after the last frosts it can fruit in its first year though yields will be lower than from plants grown as perennials[K]. | ||
A very ornamental plant{{Ref | PFAFimport-1}}, it has been cultivated for its edible fruit by the New Zealand Maoris{{Ref | PFAFimport-153}}. It is a fast-growing but short-lived plant{{Ref | PFAFimport-193}}. | A very ornamental plant{{Ref | PFAFimport-1}}, it has been cultivated for its edible fruit by the New Zealand Maoris{{Ref | PFAFimport-153}}. It is a fast-growing but short-lived plant{{Ref | PFAFimport-193}}. | ||
There is much confusion between this species and S. laciniatum. Some botanists unite the two under S. aviculare whilst others say that S. laciniatum is a tetraploid form of this species{{Ref | PFAFimport-50}}. S. laciniatum is treated as a distinct species here. | There is much confusion between this species and S. laciniatum. Some botanists unite the two under S. aviculare whilst others say that S. laciniatum is a tetraploid form of this species{{Ref | PFAFimport-50}}. S. laciniatum is treated as a distinct species here. | ||
| − | |propagation=Seed - sow spring in a warm greenhouse. Germinates in 2 - 3 weeks at 20°c. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots when they are large enough to handle. If growing the plants as annuals, plant them out after the last expected frosts and give them some protection such as a cloche until they are growing well. If growing as a perennial, especially in areas at the limits of its cold-hardiness, it will probably be better to grow the plants on in the greenhouse for their first winter. Give them fairly large pots (12cm or larger) because they have very strong root growth. Top growth might die back over winter, but the roots should survive if temperatures in the greenhouse do not fall below about -5°c. Plant them out in early summer of the following year. The plants will be somewhat hardier in their second winter. | + | |propagation notes= |
| + | |PFAF propagation notes=Seed - sow spring in a warm greenhouse. Germinates in 2 - 3 weeks at 20°c. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots when they are large enough to handle. If growing the plants as annuals, plant them out after the last expected frosts and give them some protection such as a cloche until they are growing well. If growing as a perennial, especially in areas at the limits of its cold-hardiness, it will probably be better to grow the plants on in the greenhouse for their first winter. Give them fairly large pots (12cm or larger) because they have very strong root growth. Top growth might die back over winter, but the roots should survive if temperatures in the greenhouse do not fall below about -5°c. Plant them out in early summer of the following year. The plants will be somewhat hardier in their second winter. | ||
Cuttings of half-ripe wood, July/August in a frame. Very easy, the cuttings root within a couple of weeks. Pot them up in fairly large pots and overwinter them in the greenhouse before planting out in early summer. | Cuttings of half-ripe wood, July/August in a frame. Very easy, the cuttings root within a couple of weeks. Pot them up in fairly large pots and overwinter them in the greenhouse before planting out in early summer. | ||
|range=Australia, New Zealand. | |range=Australia, New Zealand. | ||
|habitat=Coastal and lowland forest margins and shrubland on North South and Chatham Islands in New Zealand{{Ref | PFAFimport-44}}. | |habitat=Coastal and lowland forest margins and shrubland on North South and Chatham Islands in New Zealand{{Ref | PFAFimport-44}}. | ||
| − | |toxicity notes=All green parts of the plant are poisonous{{Ref | PFAFimport-154}} and so is the unripe fruit{{Ref | PFAFimport-173}}. | + | |toxicity notes= |
| − | |material use notes=In warmer climates than Britain this plant is often used as a hedge{{Ref | PFAFimport-157}}. | + | |PFAF toxicity notes=All green parts of the plant are poisonous{{Ref | PFAFimport-154}} and so is the unripe fruit{{Ref | PFAFimport-173}}. |
| − | |edible use notes=Fruit - raw or cooked{{Ref | PFAFimport-105}}{{Ref | PFAFimport-173}}. It must be thoroughly ripe because the unripe fruit is poisonous{{Ref | PFAFimport-2}}{{Ref | PFAFimport-46}}{{Ref | PFAFimport-153}}{{Ref | PFAFimport-154}}. It can be used as a sweet fruit or as a vegetable{{Ref | PFAFimport-61}}. Best harvested once it has fallen from the plant, the fruit will then have lost its unpleasant acidity{{Ref | PFAFimport-183}}. It tastes much worse than it looks, the fruit is sickly sweet and often bitter{{Ref | PFAFimport-193}}. The quality varies from plant to plant and even from year to year from the same plant{{Ref | PFAFimport-193}}. The fruit is up to 2cm long and contains a large number of flat seeds{{Ref | PFAFimport-193}}. | + | |material use notes= |
| − | |medicinal use notes=A source of steroids, much used in the pharmaceutical industry. The unripe berries are the richest source{{Ref | PFAFimport-153}}{{Ref | PFAFimport-173}}. | + | |PFAF material use notes=In warmer climates than Britain this plant is often used as a hedge{{Ref | PFAFimport-157}}. |
| + | |edible use notes= | ||
| + | |PFAF edible use notes=Fruit - raw or cooked{{Ref | PFAFimport-105}}{{Ref | PFAFimport-173}}. It must be thoroughly ripe because the unripe fruit is poisonous{{Ref | PFAFimport-2}}{{Ref | PFAFimport-46}}{{Ref | PFAFimport-153}}{{Ref | PFAFimport-154}}. It can be used as a sweet fruit or as a vegetable{{Ref | PFAFimport-61}}. Best harvested once it has fallen from the plant, the fruit will then have lost its unpleasant acidity{{Ref | PFAFimport-183}}. It tastes much worse than it looks, the fruit is sickly sweet and often bitter{{Ref | PFAFimport-193}}. The quality varies from plant to plant and even from year to year from the same plant{{Ref | PFAFimport-193}}. The fruit is up to 2cm long and contains a large number of flat seeds{{Ref | PFAFimport-193}}. | ||
| + | |medicinal use notes= | ||
| + | |PFAF medicinal use notes=A source of steroids, much used in the pharmaceutical industry. The unripe berries are the richest source{{Ref | PFAFimport-153}}{{Ref | PFAFimport-173}}. | ||
|enabled=Yes | |enabled=Yes | ||
|title irregular=No | |title irregular=No | ||
| Line 146: | Line 153: | ||
|id=ISBN 0-333-47494-5 | |id=ISBN 0-333-47494-5 | ||
|date=1992-00-00}} | |date=1992-00-00}} | ||
| + | }}{{Article state | ||
| + | |article cleanup=Yes | ||
| + | |article incomplete=Yes | ||
| + | |article citations=No | ||
}} | }} | ||
Latest revision as of 15:01, 4 May 2013
Uses
Edible uses
Notes
Fruit - raw or cooked[3][2]. It must be thoroughly ripe because the unripe fruit is poisonous[4][5][6][1]. It can be used as a sweet fruit or as a vegetable[7]. Best harvested once it has fallen from the plant, the fruit will then have lost its unpleasant acidity[8]. It tastes much worse than it looks, the fruit is sickly sweet and often bitter[9]. The quality varies from plant to plant and even from year to year from the same plant[9]. The fruit is up to 2cm long and contains a large number of flat seeds[9].
Fruit
Material uses
In warmer climates than Britain this plant is often used as a hedge[10].
There are no material uses listed for Solanum aviculare.Ecology
Ecosystem niche/layer
Ecological Functions
Hedge
Forage
Nothing listed.
Shelter
Nothing listed.
Propagation
Seed - sow spring in a warm greenhouse. Germinates in 2 - 3 weeks at 20°c. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots when they are large enough to handle. If growing the plants as annuals, plant them out after the last expected frosts and give them some protection such as a cloche until they are growing well. If growing as a perennial, especially in areas at the limits of its cold-hardiness, it will probably be better to grow the plants on in the greenhouse for their first winter. Give them fairly large pots (12cm or larger) because they have very strong root growth. Top growth might die back over winter, but the roots should survive if temperatures in the greenhouse do not fall below about -5°c. Plant them out in early summer of the following year. The plants will be somewhat hardier in their second winter.
Cuttings of half-ripe wood, July/August in a frame. Very easy, the cuttings root within a couple of weeks. Pot them up in fairly large pots and overwinter them in the greenhouse before planting out in early summer.
Practical Plants is currently lacking information on propagation instructions of Solanum aviculare. Help us fill in the blanks! Edit this page to add your knowledge.
Cultivation
Succeeds in most fertile soils in a sunny position[11].
Tolerates temperatures down to at least -7°c in Australian gardens[10] but is not very hardy in Britain. It sometimes succeeds as a shrub outdoors in the mildest areas of the country[12] but is more usually cut to the ground by winter cold. It can, however, be grown at the foot of a warm sunny wall and be treated as a herbaceous perennial. As long as the roots are given a good mulch in autumn they should survive quite cold winters[13][12]. Alternatively, it is possible to grow the plant as an annual. If the seed is sown in early spring in a warm greenhouse and planted out after the last frosts it can fruit in its first year though yields will be lower than from plants grown as perennials[K]. A very ornamental plant[13], it has been cultivated for its edible fruit by the New Zealand Maoris[6]. It is a fast-growing but short-lived plant[9].
There is much confusion between this species and S. laciniatum. Some botanists unite the two under S. aviculare whilst others say that S. laciniatum is a tetraploid form of this species[14]. S. laciniatum is treated as a distinct species here.Crops
Problems, pests & diseases
Associations & Interactions
There are no interactions listed for Solanum aviculare. Do you know of an interaction that should be listed here? edit this page to add it.
Polycultures & Guilds
There are no polycultures listed which include Solanum aviculare.
Descendants
Cultivars
Varieties
None listed.
Subspecies
None listed.
Full Data
This table shows all the data stored for this plant.
Taxonomy
Binomial name
Solanum aviculare
Genus
Solanum
Family
Solanaceae
Uses
Edible uses
None listed.
Material uses
None listed.
Medicinal uses
None listed.
Functions & Nature
Environment
Ecosystems
Native Climate Zones
None listed.
Adapted Climate Zones
None listed.
Native Geographical Range
None listed.
Native Environment
None listed.
Ecosystem Niche
None listed.
Root Zone Tendancy
None listed.
References
- ? 1.01.11.2 Ewart. A. J. Flora of Victoria. ()
- ? 2.02.12.22.32.4 Crowe. A. Native Edible Plants of New Zealand. Hodder and Stoughton ISBN 0-340-508302 (1990-00-00)
- ? 3.03.1 Tanaka. T. Tanaka's Cyclopaedia of Edible Plants of the World. Keigaku Publishing (1976-00-00)
- ? 4.04.1 Hedrick. U. P. Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World. Dover Publications ISBN 0-486-20459-6 (1972-00-00)
- ? 5.05.1 Uphof. J. C. Th. Dictionary of Economic Plants. Weinheim (1959-00-00)
- ? 6.06.16.26.36.4 Brooker. S. G., Cambie. R. C. and Cooper. R. C. Economic Native Plants of New Zealand. Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-558229-2 (1991-00-00)
- ? 7.07.1 Usher. G. A Dictionary of Plants Used by Man. Constable ISBN 0094579202 (1974-00-00)
- ? 8.08.1 Facciola. S. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications ISBN 0-9628087-0-9 (1990-00-00)
- ? 9.09.19.29.39.4 Low. T. Wild Food Plants of Australia. Angus and Robertson. ISBN 0-207-14383-8 (1989-00-00)
- ? 10.010.110.2 Wrigley. J. W. and Fagg. M. Australian Native Plants. Collins. (Australia) ISBN 0-7322-0021-0 (1988-00-00)
- ? Thomas. G. S. Ornamental Shrubs, Climbers and Bamboos. Murray ISBN 0-7195-5043-2 (1992-00-00)
- ? 12.012.1 Taylor. J. The Milder Garden. Dent (1990-00-00)
- ? 13.013.1 F. Chittendon. RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956 Oxford University Press (1951-00-00)
- ? ? Flora Europaea Cambridge University Press (1964-00-00)
- ? Allan. H. H. Flora of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington. (1961-00-00)
- ? Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press ISBN 0-333-47494-5 (1992-00-00)
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