Picea jezoensis
Yezo Spruce
a perennial woody evergreen member of the Picea genus in the family Pinaceae.
Taxonomy and growth
Uses
Edible uses
This section contains historical Plants For A Future notes marked noncommercial.
Young male catkins - raw or cooked. Used as a flavouring[4]. Immature female cones - cooked. The central portion, when roasted, is sweet and syrupy[4]. Inner bark - dried, ground into a powder and then used as a thickener in soups etc or added to cereals when making bread[4]. An emergency food, it is only used when all else fails. Seed - raw. Too small and fiddly to be worthwhile unless you are desperate[4]. A refreshing tea, rich in vitamin C, can be made from the young shoot tips[4].
- Plant part
- Flowers
- Plant part
- Inner bark
- Plant part
- Seed
- Product or use
- Tea
Medicinal uses
Historical medicinal uses. These records describe reported uses. They do not establish safety or effectiveness. Ask a qualified health professional before using any plant medicinally.
This section contains historical Plants For A Future notes marked noncommercial.
- Product or use
- Vulnerary
Material uses
This section contains historical Plants For A Future notes marked noncommercial.
A resin obtained from the trunk of the tree is used medicinally[8][10][7]. Tannin is obtained from the bark[7]. An essential oil is obained from the leaves[7]. Wood - soft, light, elastic, flexible. Used for interior finishes, furniture etc[[8]. It is also valued for its use in the pulp industry to make paper[3]. The timber is used for construction, machines, poles, furniture, and wood pulp[7].
- Product or use
- Resin
- Product or use
- Wood
- Product or use
- Tannin
- Product or use
- Essential
Ecology and functions
- Ecosystem niche
- Canopy
Environment
- Range
- E. Asia - Siberia, Manchuria, Korea, Japan.
- Habitat
- High mountains in N. Japan[9]. Mountains and river basins at elevations of 300 - 1700 metres[7].
- Light
- full sun
- Shade tolerance
- no shade
- Water
- moderate
- Hardiness
- Zone 2+
- Soil textures
- sandy, loamy, clay
- Soil pH
- very acid, acid, neutral
- Tolerances
- high wind
- Wind
- Yes
- Tolerates Nutritionally Poor Soil
- No
- Drought
- intolerant
Propagation
This section contains historical Plants For A Future notes marked noncommercial.
Seed - stratification will probably improve germination so sow fresh seed in the autumn in a cold frame if possible[12]. Sow stored seed as early in the year as possible in a cold frame[11]. A position in light shade is probably best[11]. Seed should not be allowed to dry out and should be stored in a cool place[12]. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots when they are large enough to handle and grow them on in the greenhouse or cold frame for their first winter. They can be planted out into their permanent positions in early summer of the following year, or be placed in an outdoor nursery bed for a year or so to increase in size. They might need protection from spring frosts. Cuttings of semi-ripe terminal shoots, 5 - 8cm long, August in a frame. Protect from frost. Forms roots in the spring[11]. Cuttings of mature terminal shoots, 5 - 10cm long, September/October in a cold frame. Takes 12 months[11]. Cuttings of soft to semi-ripe wood, early summer in a frame. Slow but sure.
Cultivation
This section contains historical Plants For A Future notes marked noncommercial.
Likes abundant moisture at the roots, if grown in drier areas it must be given a deep moist soil[2]. Tolerates poor peaty soils[6]. Succeeds in wet cold and shallow soils but is not very wind-firm in shallow soils[1]. Prefers a pH between 4 to 6[6]. Dislikes shade[6]. Intolerant of atmospheric pollution[2]. Resists wind exposure to some degree[6]. This species is not very successful in Britain. Whilst it is very cold-hardy when dormant, it comes into new growth too early in the spring and this growth is often cut back by late frosts. The few trees that can be found are stunted and poor due to repeated frost damage. The sub-species P. jezoensis hondoensis. (Mayr.)Rehder. is much more successful[5], it shows remarkably consistent growth in all parts of the country[5]. Though not of the fastest, older trees average 40cm increase a year. Increase in girth is more rapid, 4cm a year is common[5]. In some upland areas, especially over granitic or other base-poor soils, growth rate and health have been seriously affected by aluminium poisoning induced by acid rain[6]. Plants are strongly outbreeding, self-fertilized seed usually grows poorly[6]. They hybridize freely with other members of this genus[6]. Trees should be planted into their permanent positions when they are quite small, between 30 and 90cm. Larger trees will check badly and hardly put on any growth for several years. This also badly affects root development and wind resistance[6].
References
F. Chittendon. RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956 Oxford University Press 1951-00-00
Bean. W. Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement. Murray 1981-00-00
Hill. A. F. Economic Botany. The Maple Press 1952-00-00
Schofield. J. J. Discovering Wild Plants - Alaska, W. Canada and the Northwest.
Mitchell. A. F. Conifers in the British Isles. HMSO 1975-00-00 ISBN 0-11-710012-9
Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press 1992-00-00 ISBN 0-333-47494-5
Flora of China 1994-00-00 http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/
Uphof. J. C. Th. Dictionary of Economic Plants. Weinheim 1959-00-00
Ohwi. G. Flora of Japan. (English translation) Smithsonian Institution 1965-00-00
Usher. G. A Dictionary of Plants Used by Man. Constable 1974-00-00 ISBN 0094579202
Sheat. W. G. Propagation of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers. MacMillan and Co 1948-00-00
McMillan-Browse. P. Hardy Woody Plants from Seed. Grower Books 1985-00-00 ISBN 0-901361-21-6