Ceanothus thyrsiflorus
Blue Brush
Taxonomy and growth
- Family
- Rhamnaceae
- Genus
- Ceanothus
- Life cycle
- perennial
- Foliage
- evergreen
- Woodiness
- woody
- Growth rate
- moderate
- Height
- 4.5 m
- Spread
- 4.5 m
- Flower type
- hermaphrodite
Uses
Material uses
A green dye is obtained from the flowers[4]. All parts of the plant are rich in saponins - when crushed and mixed with water they produce a good lather which is an effective and gentle soap[4][5]. This soap is very good at removing dirt, though it does not remove oils very well. This means that when used on the skin it will not remove the natural body oils, but nor will it remove engine oil etc[K] The flowers are a very good source, when used as a body soap they leave behind a pleasant perfume on the skin[K]. The developing seed cases are also a very good source of saponins[K]. The sub-species C. thyrsiflorus repens is a good ground cover plant for sunny positions, growing well on banks and reaching a height of 90cm[8][9]. Plants can be grown as a hedge in exposed maritime areas though they do not succeed in the most exposed positions and can be slow to establish[14]. Wood - close-grained, rather soft[16].
- Product or use
- Dye
- Product or use
- Soap
Ecology and functions
- Ecosystem niche
- Soil surface
Environment
- Range
- South-western N. America - California to Oregon.
- Habitat
- Wooded slopes and canyons below 600 metres, often in the neighbourhood of streams, in evergreen forests in California[13][16].
- Light
- full sun
- Shade tolerance
- light shade
- Water
- moderate
- Hardiness
- Zone 7+
- Soil textures
- sandy, loamy
- Soil pH
- acid, neutral, alkaline
- Drainage
- well drained
- Tolerances
- high wind, maritime exposure
- Wind
- Yes
- Maritime
- Yes
- Tolerates Nutritionally Poor Soil
- No
- Drought
- intolerant
Propagation
Seed - best sown as soon as it is ripe in a cold frame. Stored seed should be pre-soaked for 12 hours in warm water and then given 1 - 3 months stratification at 1°c[3][9]. Germination usually takes place within 1 - 2 months at 20°c[3]. One report says that the seed is best given boiling water treatment, or heated in 4 times its volume of sand at 90 - 120°c for 4 - 5 minutes and then soaked in warm water for 12 hours before sowing it[11]. The seed exhibits considerable longevity, when stored for 15 years in an air-tight dry container at 1 - 5°c it has shown little deterioration in viability[11]. The seed is ejected from its capsule with some force when fully ripe, timing the collection of seed can be difficult because unless collected just prior to dehiscence the seed is difficult to extract and rarely germinates satisfactorily[11]. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots as soon as they are large enough to handle. Grow them on in the greenhouse for at least their first winter and plant them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer. Cuttings of half-ripe wood, taken at a node[9], July/August in a frame[2]. Cuttings of mature wood of the current year's growth, 7 - 12 cm with a heel, October in a cold frame[15]. The roots are quite brittle and it is best to pot up the callused cuttings in spring, just before the roots break[15]. Good percentage.
Cultivation
Prefers a warm sunny position but tolerates light shade[2][9]. Tolerates some lime, but will not succeed on shallow chalk[1]. Tolerant of maritime exposure[14]. A very ornamental plant[1] it is hardy to about -10°c[7][9]. The sub-species C. thyrsiflorus repens. McMinn. is somewhat hardier, to about -15°c[7]. There are several named forms selected for their ornamental value[9]. A plant has reached 6 metres tall at Kew in an exposed position, but is damaged in severe winters[2]. Plants dislike root disturbance, they should be planted out into their permanent positions whilst still small[6]. A fast-growing plant, it flowers well when young[2]. Dislikes heavy pruning, it is best not to cut out any wood thicker than a pencil[6]. Plants flower on the previous year's growth, if any pruning is necessary it is best carried out immediately after flowering has finished[9][12]. Constant pruning to keep a plant small can shorten its life[9]. There are a number of named varieties developed for their ornamental value[6]. Hybridizes freely with other members of this genus[9]. Some members of this genus have a symbiotic relationship with certain soil micro-organisms, these form nodules on the roots of the plants and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Some of this nitrogen is utilized by the growing plant but some can also be used by other plants growing nearby[9][10].
References
F. Chittendon. RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956 Oxford University Press 1951-00-00
Bean. W. Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement. Murray 1981-00-00
Bird. R. (Editor) Growing from Seed. Volume 3. Thompson and Morgan. 1989-00-00
Grae. I. Nature's Colors - Dyes from Plants. MacMillan Publishing Co. New York. 1974-00-00 ISBN 0-02-544950-8
Buchanan. R. A Weavers Garden.
Thomas. G. S. Ornamental Shrubs, Climbers and Bamboos. Murray 1992-00-00 ISBN 0-7195-5043-2
Phillips. R. & Rix. M. Shrubs. Pan Books 1989-00-00 ISBN 0-330-30258-2
Royal Horticultural Society. Ground Cover Plants. Cassells. 1989-00-00 ISBN 0-304-31089-1
Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press 1992-00-00 ISBN 0-333-47494-5
Craighead. J., Craighead. F. and Davis. R. A Field Guide to Rocky Mountain Wildflowers The Riverside Press 1963-00-00 ISBN 63-7093
Matthews. V. The New Plantsman. Volume 1, 1994. Royal Horticultural Society 1994-00-00 ISBN 1352-4186
Grey-Wilson. C. & Matthews. V. Gardening on Walls Collins 1983-00-00 ISBN 0-00-219220-0
Munz. A California Flora. University of California Press 1959-00-00
Rosewarne experimental horticultural station. Shelter Trees and Hedges. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food 1984-00-00
Sheat. W. G. Propagation of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers. MacMillan and Co 1948-00-00
Sargent. C. S. Manual of the Trees of N. America. Dover Publications Inc. New York. 1965-00-00 ISBN 0-486-20278-X