Allium cepa ascalonicum
Shallot
a member of the Allium genus in the family Alliaceae.
Taxonomy and growth
Uses
Toxicity
Toxicity warning. The historical record reports a hazard for this plant. Do not use it to decide which parts are safe to eat or use medicinally.
This section contains historical Plants For A Future notes marked noncommercial.
There have been cases of poisoning caused by the consumption, in large quantities and by some mammals, of this plant. Dogs seem to be particularly susceptible[17].
Edible uses
This section contains historical Plants For A Future notes marked noncommercial.
Bulb - raw or cooked. A mild onion flavour, the bulbs can be up to 6cm in diameter. They can be added to salads etc, cooked as a vegetable or used as a flavouring in soups etc[1][6][3][13]. Leaves - raw or cooked. A pleasant onion flavour, though they should not be harvested in quantity since this would reduce production of the bulbs[K]. Flowers - raw. Used as a garnish on salads. The flowers are somewhat dry and are less pleasant than many other species[K].
- Plant part
- Flowers
- Plant part
- Leaves
- Plant part
- Root
Medicinal uses
Historical medicinal uses. These records describe reported uses. They do not establish safety or effectiveness. Ask a qualified health professional before using any plant medicinally.
This section contains historical Plants For A Future notes marked noncommercial.
Although rarely used specifically as a medicinal herb, the onion has a wide range of beneficial actions on the body and when eaten (especially raw) on a regular basis will promote the general health of the body. The bulb is anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, hypoglycaemic, hypotensive, lithontripic, stomachic and tonic[14][16][10]. When used regularly in the diet it offsets tendencies towards angina, arteriosclerosis and heart attack[12]. It is also useful in preventing oral infection and tooth decay[12]. Baked onions can be used as a poultice to remove pus from sores[12]. Fresh onion juice is a very useful first aid treatment for bee and wasp stings, bites, grazes or fungal skin complaints[16][9]. When warmed the juice can be dropped into the ear to treat earache[12]. It also aids the formation of scar tissue on wounds, thus speeding up the healing process, and has been used as a cosmetic to remove freckles[16].
- Product or use
- Alterative
- Product or use
- Anthelmintic
- Product or use
- Antiinflammatory
- Product or use
- Antiseptic
- Product or use
- Antispasmodic
- Product or use
- Astringent
- Product or use
- Carminative
- Product or use
- Diuretic
- Product or use
- Expectorant
- Product or use
- Febrifuge
- Product or use
- Hypoglycaemic
- Product or use
- Hypotensive
- Product or use
- Lithontripic
- Product or use
- Nutritive
- Product or use
- Skin
- Product or use
- Stings
- Product or use
- Stomachic
- Product or use
- Tonic
- Product or use
- Vulnerary
Material uses
This section contains historical Plants For A Future notes marked noncommercial.
The juice of the plant is used as a moth repellent and can also be rubbed onto the skin to repel insects[16]. The plant juice can be used as a rust preventative on metals and as a polish for copper and glass[16]. A yellow-brown dye is obtained from the skins of the bulbs[2][4]. Onion juice rubbed into the skin is said to promote the growth of hair and to be a remedy for baldness[16]. It is also used as a cosmetic to get rid of freckles[16]. The growing plant is said to repel insects and moles[9]. A spray made by pouring enough boiling water to cover 1kg of chopped unpeeled onions is said to increase the resistance of other plants to diseases and parasites[9].
- Product or use
- Cosmetic
- Product or use
- Dye
- Product or use
- Hair care
- Product or use
- Polish
- Product or use
- Repellent
- Product or use
- Rust treatments
Environment
- Range
- Original habitat is obscure.
- Habitat
- Not known in the wild.
- Light
- full sun
- Shade tolerance
- no shade
- Water
- moderate
- Hardiness
- Zone 5+
- Soil textures
- sandy, loamy
- Soil pH
- acid, neutral, alkaline, very alkaline
- Drainage
- well drained
- Tolerates Nutritionally Poor Soil
- No
- Drought
- intolerant
Propagation
This section contains historical Plants For A Future notes marked noncommercial.
Plant out bulbs in late winter or very early spring. Plant firmly to half the bulbs depth and protect from birds until the bulbs have rooted[8]. (Birds seem to have a fascination for pulling the bulbs out of the ground and then leaving them lying on the surface[K].) Traditionally, bulbs were planted on the shortest day and harvested on the longest. Smaller bulbs are less likely to bolt as a result of exposure to cold conditions[8].
Cultivation
This section contains historical Plants For A Future notes marked noncommercial.
Prefers a sunny position in a light well-drained soil but tolerates most soils.[1][8]. Does not grow well on heavy clays[8]. Prefers a pH in the range 6 to 7[8]. Tolerates a pH in the range 4.5 to 8.3. We are using the name A. cepa ascalonicum for this plant in order to differentiate it from the potato onion, A. cepa aggregatum, though it should really be included in A. cepa aggregatum[K]. This is a genuinely perennial form of A. cepa that is widely grown in temperate and tropical areas for its edible bulbs[8]. These are milder but smaller than the onion. There are several named forms[8]. The plant is easier to grow than onions, matures faster and keeps better[8], though yields are lower. Plants are very tolerant of high temperatures up to 30°c and bulbing only occurs at temperatures above 20°c[8]. Plants rarely produce viable seed in temperate areas, they are usually propagated by means of their bulbs, each one dividing up in the growing season to produce from 2 to more than 12 new bulbs[8]. Bulbs can become infected with virus, it is important to only plant clean stock[8]. Closely related to A. oschanini. O.Fedsch., a wild species found in C. Asia. Grows well with most plants, especially roses, carrots, beet and chamomile, but it inhibits the growth of legumes[5][7][15]. This plant is a bad companion for alfalfa, each species negatively affecting the other[9]. Members of this genus are rarely if ever troubled by browsing deer[11].
References
F. Chittendon. RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956 Oxford University Press 1951-00-00
Carruthers. S. P. (Editor) Alternative Enterprises for Agriculture in the UK. Centre for Agricultural Strategy, Univ. of Reading 1986-00-00 ISBN 0704909820
Simons. New Vegetable Growers Handbook. Penguin 1977-00-00 ISBN 0-14-046-050-0
Grae. I. Nature's Colors - Dyes from Plants. MacMillan Publishing Co. New York. 1974-00-00 ISBN 0-02-544950-8
Philbrick H. and Gregg R. B. Companion Plants. Watkins 1979-00-00
Hedrick. U. P. Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World. Dover Publications 1972-00-00 ISBN 0-486-20459-6
Riotte. L. Companion Planting for Successful Gardening. Garden Way, Vermont, USA. 1978-00-00 ISBN 0-88266-064-0
Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press 1992-00-00 ISBN 0-333-47494-5
Allardice.P. A - Z of Companion Planting. Cassell Publishers Ltd. 1993-00-00 ISBN 0-304-34324-2
Lust. J. The Herb Book. Bantam books 1983-00-00 ISBN 0-553-23827-2
Thomas. G. S. Perennial Garden Plants J. M. Dent & Sons, London. 1990-00-00 ISBN 0 460 86048 8
Chevallier. A. The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants Dorling Kindersley. London 1996-00-00 ISBN 9-780751-303148
Thompson. B. The Gardener's Assistant. Blackie and Son. 1878-00-00
Grieve. A Modern Herbal. Penguin 1984-00-00 ISBN 0-14-046-440-9
Hatfield. A. W. How to Enjoy your Weeds. Frederick Muller Ltd 1977-00-00 ISBN 0-584-10141-4
Chiej. R. Encyclopaedia of Medicinal Plants. MacDonald 1984-00-00 ISBN 0-356-10541-5
Cooper. M. and Johnson. A. Poisonous Plants in Britain and their Effects on Animals and Man. HMSO 1984-00-00 ISBN 0112425291